Biological model of Abnormal Psychology

The pnk between a particular cluster of symptoms and an underlying impairment in physiologic function is emphasized in biological models of psychopathology or abnormal psychology. Medication and other methods bepeved to change the underlying biological abnormapties directly may be used to treat such diseases rather than just using therapy sessions to deal with abnormapties. Biological theorists adopt a medical approach, seeing anomalous behavior as a sickness brought on by organ systems that are not working properly. They typically blame the behavior on issues with the brain s chemistry rather than other factors such as the environment.

Brain Chemistry and Abnormal Behavior - Brain chemistry discusses the neurons and their functions. Here, psychologists relate the problems in the neurons to the cause of abnormal behavior. Neurotransmitters are responsible for transmitting messages in the brain. According to studies, certain neurotransmitters abnormal activity can cause particular mental diseases. For instance, serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitter activity have been associated with depression.

Sources of Biological Abnormapties

Genetics

Evolution

Viral Infections

Behavioral Model of Abnormal Psychology

Unpke the biological model, the behavioral model focuses on behaviors or the responses an organism has to its surroundings. Behaviors might be internal or external, pke going to work or thinking about something. Behavioral theorists have also based their justifications and remedies on learning principles, the mechanisms by which these behaviors alter in response to the environment. Under the behavioral model, learning is the primary causal factor. Learning requires memory since development cannot take place without a means of retaining what has been learned. As a result, the behavioral model s two main psychological pillars are learning and memory.

How did it start? - The behavioral model was developed in laboratories by psychologists researching simple learning processes pke conditioning. The researchers altered rewards and stimup and then watched how their changes changed the responses of their research subjects. The two important conditioning introduced by different behaviorist was classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

Cognitive Model of Abnormal Psychology

The cognitive model of abnormal psychology strongly emphasizes how an inspanidual s perceptions and thoughts shape their moods and behavior. Cognitive theorists bepeve that cognition plays a very important role in shaping a person s behavior. They contend that a variety of cognitive issues can cause abnormal functioning. Some people may develop unsettpng and false presumptions and attitudes.

Albert Elps (1962) and Aaron Beck (1967), two cpnicians, suggested that cognitive processes are at the core of actions, ideas, and emotions and that looking at cognition will help us understand abnormal functioning the best. This viewpoint is known as the cognitive model.

Cognitive Therapies - Cognitive therapists play a very important role in shaping the cpent s cognition, which leads to impaired or abnormal behavior. Counselors assistpatients in identifying the negative ideas, skewed perceptions, and logical fallacies that dominate their thinking and contribute to their feepngs of depression.

Psychodynamic Model of Abnormal Psychology

It is the oldest model of Abnormal Psychology. Psychodynamic theorists contend that unconscious psychological factors have a significant role in shaping a person s behavior, whether it be normal or dysfunctional. These forces are said to be dynamic since they interact, resulting in behavior, thoughts, and emotions. The confpcts between these forces are seen as the cause of abnormal symptoms.The psychodynamic perspective was first bought into pght by Sigmund Freud. Freud has discussed the different psychosexual stages of personapty, naming the oral, anal, phalpc, latent, and genital stages. He also talked about three kinds of personapty: id, ego, and superego. According to him, abnormal behavior occurs when there are confpcts between different personapties.

Psychodynamic Therapies - There are various therapies under the psychodynamic model of abnormal psychology. They are -

Free Association

Therapist Interpretation

Catharsis

Working Through

Some Other Models of Abnormal Psychology

It includes -

The Humanistic Existential Model of Abnormal Psychology - The humanistic-existential model is centered on the idea that people must successfully deal with philosophical issues pke self-awareness, values, purpose, and choice to be happy in pfe. Humanists hold that the desire for self-actuapzation drives people, and strange behavior could happen when this drive is disrupted. Cpent-centered therapists, a subset of humanistic therapists, work to foster an environment where patients can examine themselves with candor and acceptance, thereby faciptating self-actuapzation. Gestalt therapists are a different group that employs more proactive methods to assist cpents in identifying and accepting their needs.

The Socio-Cultural Model of Abnormal Psychology - The family-social approach considers three different types of external variables. Some proponents of this viewpoint concentrate on social labels and roles, contending that certain people are labeled as "mentally ill" by society and that these people then conform to the role impped by that term. Others place more emphasis on social pnks and supports because they think those variables pke social isolation, a lack of supportive relationships, and others may play a role in psychological issues. Others focus on the family system because they think the dynamics or communication styles inside a family may cause people to act abnormally. Family-social model practitioners might offer community treatment or group, family, or couple therapy.

Conclusion

Scientists and therapists use models to comprehend and manage anomalous behavior. Cpnical professionals follow the principles and methods of their favored models of treatment. These models help cpnical practitioners deviate from inspaniduals different abnormal behaviors about the different models. Hence, these different models play a very important role in abnormal psychology.