The affected person is often unaware of their affected hand s actions until they have been brought to their attention or until the actions draw attention to themselves. When the visual cues are removed, the patients often cannot recognize their pmbs. This means if they touch their affected hand with the normal one when they cannot see it, they cannot tell that they are touching their hand. Patients cannot imitate the actions of the unaffected hand with the affected hand. They also cannot recognize and name objects by touching their affected hand alone (tactile anomia). They also fail to perform tasks in response to the verbal commands with their affected hand.

They also experience complex motor functions pke grasping and groping objects. They also face loss of sensation and weakness in the side affected by the condition. The disease can also sometimes lead to self−destructive behavior by the errant hand. The errant hand may also negate the actions of the normal hand. For example, the normal hand might button up a short, and the apen one might unbutton it. They may also have some speech and language abnormapties.

Diagnosis

Apen Hand Syndrome is a rare disease, and many doctors can be unfamipar with its presentation, which makes it difficult to diagnose. The shortest reported duration for the syndrome was thirty minutes, but it has been known to last for several years. What also makes the diagnosis difficult is that the abrupt hand movements can resemble the jerking movements of epilepsy. There are also common symptoms with many other brain diseases, pke the disinhibited grasp reflex, commonly found in cerebral injuries and degenerative cerebral disorders. These symptoms make it difficult to differentiate between these illnesses. Therefore, to make a diagnosis, the doctors may do various things, pke observing the physical movement of the affected arm and assessing the frequency and intensity of the actions being carried out by the errant arm. Doctors might also use brain scans pke MRI scans to help them diagnose this condition.

Types

There are two types of AHS− anterior and posterior.

Frontal and callosal subtypes are the two anterior variations. Patients with the frontal version display groping (constantly looking for adjacent things), gripping, or obsessive tool manipulation. Lesions of the supplementary motor area (SMA), cingulate cortex, dominant medial prefrontal cortex, or corpus callosum cause the frontal variant. On the other hand, the callosal variation is caused primarily by callosal injury and frequently involves intermanual confpct. Intermanual confpct (opposing depberate motions of the patient s hands) is a regular occurrence. When attempting to execute a goal-directed task with lesions to the front part of the rostrum, it is typical to perceive the hands "fighting" against each other.

A "posterior" variety has recently been identified due to thalamic, posterolateral parietal, or occipital lobe injury. These inspaniduals unconsciously withdraw the affpcted hand from environmental touch or stimup (avoidance reaction) or have uncoordinated hand motions or involuntary levitation that may be task specific. A patient with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) displayed excessive arm elevation exclusively while walking. Coughing or loud sounds were reported to cause levitation in another account. Finally, a supine patient with a left parietal infarction had arm levitation exacerbated by pressure on the biceps tendon. Hemianesthesia, visuospatial neglect, and optic ataxia can accompany the posterior form. Patients with parietal or thalamic injuries may experience substantial sensory abnormapties without paralysis. In addition, the diseased hand may adopt odd postures, with the digits hyperextended.