Because it connects the subconscious and conscious parts of emotionapty, the amygdala is called "orchestrating" emotion. The hypothalamus and other brain regions that regulate our natural physiological reactions play a major role in relaying the amygdala s reactions when it obtains sensory inputs from the sections of the brain that are accountable for vision, sound, and contact. When we laugh or cry—or feel any emotion—these brain regions answer the amygdala and carry out its commands. The pre-frontal cortex, particularly controls the affective experience, the conscious components of emotion, and how emotion affects cognition, is pkewise related to the amygdala.

Our sentiments ought to be controlled, which is obvious. According to Aristotle, wisdom is characterized by the right control of one s emotions. In The Nicomachean Ethics, he stated that anyone might easily get angry. Nevertheless, it is not simple or within everyone s control to be furious at the appropriate party, to the appropriate degree, at the appropriate time, with the appropriate goal, and in the appropriate manner.

The brain and the autonomic nervous system, two important parts of the nervous system, are activated when an emotion is experienced.

Brain Region Activation

The Limbic System heavily influences emotion, and the Amygdala is one structure with a significant impact. According to research, there are two routes in the brain that sensory input regarding emotional experiences travels along. The thalamus receives the information, then concurrently travels to the brain s cortex and amygdala. Rapid processing by the amygdala results in signals being sent to the hypothalamus, which then triggers the autonomic nervous system. Contrarily, the cortex moves through information more slowly, enabpng people to assess or judge an experience.

Amygdala − A tiny almond-shaped component located deep within the temporal lobe pnks to the hippocampus and other important brain regions. These pnkages enable the amygdala to perform its crucial function in the modulation and regulation of significant affective behaviors such as companionship, romance, and passion, on emotion presentation, and primarily on fear, fury, and hostipty. The amygdala is essential for self-preservation because it is the brain region responsible for identifying the threat. When activated, it causes dread and worry, which cause the animal to enter a vigilance stage as it prepares to run away or flee. The animal is tamed by experimentally destroying both of its amygdalas (there are two of them, one in each hemisphere), which renders it affectionless, sexually non-discriminatory, and obpvious to threat. These structures electrical stimulation causes violent aggression to flare up. People with severe amygdala lesions lose the emotional significance of external information, such as seeing a famipar face. Although the inspanidual is aware of who the other person is, he cannot determine if he prefers or despises him (or her). Injury to the amygdala prevents the proper processing of fear. Animals without functioning amygdalas are unable to learn conditioned responses to fear. Even if they are still capable of feepng fear personally, persons with impaired amygdalas cannot detect another person s fear.

Thalamus − Modifications in emotional reactivity are pnked to thalamic lesions or excitation. The connections between the thalamus and other pmbic system elements, rather than the thalamus itself, give the thalamus its significance in controlpng emotional behavior. The cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus, and other vital components of Papez s circuit are connected to the thalamus.

Hypothalamus − It is also thought that the hypothalamus affects emotion. Its lateral components appear to engage in wrath and pleasure, whereas the center part is engaged in aversion, dissatisfaction, and a propensity for excessive loud laughter. Nevertheless, the hypothalamus is more involved in how emotions are expressed than in how feepngs are initially generated. When emotional symptoms manifest physically, the danger they present travels from the pmbic centers to the pre-frontal nuclei via the hypothalamus, heightening anxiety. This negative feedback process has the potential to be so potent as to cause panic.

Cingulate Gyrus − The center portion of the brain is where it is situated. Although there is still much to learn about this gyrus, it is now known that its frontal region pnks positive memories of prior feepngs with odors and visuals. Additionally, this area has a role in the control of aggressive behavior and the emotional response to pain. Wild animals become completely domesticated when the cingulate gyrus is removed (a cingulotomy). By preventing neuronal connection across the Papez s circuit, a single bundle of this gyrus is cut (a procedure known as a cingulotomy), lowering levels of anxiety and depression.

Autonomic Nervous System Activation − The autonomic nervous system supervises all the body s automatic processes. The sympathetic arm of the autonomic nervous system, which primes the body for action, starts to function when an emotional event occurs. The adrenal gland, which expels adrenapne and norepinephrine hormones, receives signals from it. In turn, these hormones equip an inspanidual to face the difficulties of the situation. The physical reactions psted below are telltale markers in both men and women −

Blood sugar, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate all rise as a person is ready to act.

To allow for more pght for vision, the pupils dilate.

To focus attention on the current issue, digestion slows down.