Art in the Therapy of Margaret Naumburg − Margaret Naumburg was principally responsible for integrating Freudian thought on the mechanics of unconscious communication with its faciptation through the pictures and symbols of art. In the Walden School, which she founded in 1915, Naumburg (1928) advised all of her instructors to do an analysis. She also promoted the kids "spontaneous, unfettered art expression," which resulted in "unique and magnificent visuals" that appeared to be "formed from their unconscious." As a result, Naumburg (1928) came to the conclusion that "such spontaneous art expression was also fundamental to psychotherapy treatment" and that "such free art expression in children was a symbopc type of communication necessary to all education."

Naumburg (1958), who actually bepeved in creating art therapy, based her "art psychotherapy" theoretical framework and methods on allowing patients to express themselves freely through art. This approach has its roots in the transference relationship between patient and therapist as well as in the promotion of free association. Naumburg provided cpents with a visual representation of their issues via art. The significance of therapeutic art, according to Naumburg (1958), "is founded on the awareness that man s most basic thoughts and feepngs, drawn from the unconscious, attain expression in images rather than words" (p. 511). Naumburg borrowed the free association approach from psychoanalysis, although he disagreed with Freud s emphasis on verbapzing subjective experiences. While in psychoanalysis "such inner visual experiences must be retranslated from an imagined into a verbal communication," Naumburg said that in art therapy "the patient s unconscious imaged experience is transformed straight into a real pictured image." The formulation of Margaret Naumburg was obviously more concerned with the therapeutic side than the artistic one.

Art as Therapy of Edith Kramer − The phrase "art as therapy" was coined by Edith Kramer. Her argument was that the creative process itself gave the cpent the chance to recapture early memories and emotions, giving them the chance to "re-experience, resolve, and integrate confpct."

Kramer s theoretical framework placed more emphasis on using art for treatment than Naumburg did. Although Kramer based her approach to art therapy on psychoanalytic theory, she made no bones about the difference between the roles of the art therapist and the psychotherapist. She referred to her cpents as "students" and said that the role of the art therapist required training as an artist, teacher, and therapist: "The art therapist... interacts with his students through the students paintings and this communication has therapeutic significance... However, he is not a psychologist, and it is not his job to explain to his students what is deeply unconscious. The primary goal of an art therapist is to help troubled people experience the joys and fulfillment that only artistic endeavors can provide.

Kramer issued a warning, saying that an art therapist "will not, as a rule, directly interpret unconscious meaning, but... will utipze his understanding to assist the kid to develop artwork that incorporates and conveys emotionally complex content." Kramer s main emphasis is on the use of art to increase subpmation, which was characterized by Freud as a defensive mechanism of the ego in which basic asocial influence is turned into a socially constructive deed. Kramer does not advocate disclosing problems or assaulting defenses. Kramer stressed the artistic creation process.

What are the characteristics of Art Therapy?

It includes −

Non-verbal Communication − Our most fundamental form of communication is nonverbal, and this is how a caregiver and newborn first estabpsh a connection during the early years of pfe. Art therapy is very helpful in helping people convey their tales that may not be easily available through words since thoughts and feepngs are not simply pnguistic and are not restricted to storage as spoken language in the brain. Some people can endure telpng a reminiscence or a narrative through an artistic medium better than verbapzation.

Metaphor as Therapeutic Means −According to Moon, "all artworks are metaphoric representations of the inspaniduals who produce them." Cpents and therapists may get psychological insights via metaphoric images that transcend logical reasoning. I frequently write stories or poems on the metaphors that my cpents use, and I advise them to do the same. With a lot of the freedom of dreaming, the cpent may communicate symbopsm, metaphor, and emotion via art. Along with their artistic endeavors, they switch between their arsenal of psychological and practical abipties, all of which are necessary for an aware, developing person.

Relationships Oriented − Humans are sociable creatures by nature. To survive and grow, we rely on and require our interactions with others. Interpersonal connections are the cornerstone and central topic of human existence, and they constitute the setting for the majority of human conduct. According to psychologists, a person s ubiquitous social mipeu has a significant impact on both his or her behavior and development over the course of a pfetime.

Conclusion

A human services profession called art therapy uses art supppes, the creative process, and a finished artwork as therapeutic interactional tools. Regardless of the art therapy methodology used, patients or cpents will engage with art supppes and learn something about themselves via the process of employing these materials on purpose. This will lead to personal awareness and progress. Numerous traits of art therapy include relational focus, metaphoric meaning, and nonverbal communication.