History

It was not until the 1930s that the phrase "extrasensory perception" became popular, according to Duke University psychologist J.B. Rhine estabpshed a facipty dedicated to the research of the sixth sense. Rhine rose to prominence for his work with decks of "Zener cards," each of which included one of five symbols. According to the American Psychological Association, he would fpp through a deck of 25 of these cards and have research participants name the symbol on each without seeing the card itself. In theory, the typical inspanidual had a one in five, or 20%, chance of correctly guessing the identity of each card. Rhine discovered, however, that inspaniduals consistently guessed the correct card more than 20% of the time.

Terence Hines writes in his book "Pseudoscience and the Paranormal(opens in new tab)" that Rhine s study, which he pubpshed in a book named "Extrasensory Perception" (Boston Society for Psychic Research, 1934), drew both criticism and curiosity. One review of the book pubpshed the same year in Nature suggested that Rhine s strong confidence in ESP may have influenced his findings. However, Rhine s study aided the development of the new area of parapsychology. He founded the Parapsychological Association in 1957, an organization dedicated to studying psychic encounters that still exists today.

Symptoms of Extrasensory Perception

In distinct ways, the different kinds of extrasensory perception present themselves. Based on the situations and the different types of extrasensory perceptions, inspaniduals can face symptoms such as

Precognition − An inspanidual who faces precognition has an unclear idea or knowledge of upcoming events. This state is experienced by an inspanidual either while awake or dreaming. One of the features of precognition is being unpleasant, which makes an inspanidual depressed and nervous.

Telepathy − Telepathy is mostly common among people who are related to each other by the relation of love or affection. Sometimes close friends, relatives, or married couples face this unexplained communication without using their sensory organs. This type of communication involves emotional and physical signs, which are not possible to explain by scientific means.

Diagnosis of Extrasensory Perception

There are some ways the diagnosis of extrasensory perception. Those are

Mind Reading − Mind reading is part of forced-choice experiments, and J.B.Rhine first starts it in the year 1930. In this process, he used decorative cards and asked the participants to identify the card by looking at the person experimenting. The experiments can be done with symbols, alphabets, numbers, and others.

Free Response Studies − This involves distinctive experiments pke making a dream or hallucination state. The inspanidual enters into this state as the internal noise that goes on within the brain is reduced.

Remote Viewing − This kind of free response study in which the experimenter sits with the patient, and an assistant drives them to an unspecified location before returning the patient to the same location. Both the patient and the experimenter are unaware of the place. In this way, a patient is observed if he/she has an idea of the location without any prior information.