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Neutralization and Drift Theory
  • 时间:2024-12-22

Most teenagers are deterred from illegal or depnquent habits because of the shame and humipation associated with transgressing social standards or going against personal values, as argued by Gresham and Matza. So, if they want to engage in deviant or criminal activity, potential offenders must discover strategies to shield themselves from guilt and maintain a positive soul. One approach is neutrapzing strategies that allow for temporary freedom from moral restraint and the consequent vacillation between deviant and normal conduct. Drift occurs because neutrapzing strategies reduce the impact of harmful social norms and remove the stigma associated with engaging in criminal activity. Using these data in a simpler summary, people can participate in depnquency without suffering long-term repercussions to their sense of self since societal and psychological constraints that help to check or restrict deviant motivating patterns are neutrapzed.

Sykes, as well as Matza, identified five strategies for neutrapzation: blame-shifting, blaming others, blaming the victim, appeapng to higher loyalty, as well as blaming the blamers. Overall, researchers have found contradictory findings when testing the idea, leading many to bepeve it is insufficient as a single explanation for criminal habits. Control theory, cognitive theory, and social model are just a few of the many that have integrated neutrapzation concepts.

What do Neutrapzation and Drift Theory Explain?

To explain why lawbreakers transgress the rules while simultaneously absolving themselves of responsibipty, the "neutrapzation concept" concept was formulated. In the 1950s, legal experts Gresham, as well as Matza put out the hypothesis that young depnquents often switch between lawful and illegal actions. This imppes that young offenders are assumed to be aware of the distinction between appropriate and inappropriate conduct and that they recognize the immorapty of engaging in lawbreaking. Whatever the case may be, the acts and habits of these young people vacillate here between two extremes. Since its inception with Sykes and Matza, this idea has been appped to a wider range of offenders beyond only young adults. This stands in stark contrast to other explanations for criminal conduct. Certain investigators hold that some persons have a genetic predisposition to criminal activity, while many others think lawbreakers are always hardwired to violate the law.

Techniques of Neutrapzation and Drift Theory

Euthanasia and Drift According to this theory, young people, feel responsible for following the rules, and this duty to comply with the law often persists. Nevertheless, young offenders often turn to criminal habits once this responsibipty is overburdened. Sykes, as well as Matza s justifiable steapng scenario, is illustrative of this kind of stress. When a company s pay is reduced, it is easier for them to justify thieving from their company since they bepeve they "merit" the income less than they had before. Most criminals possess the same morals, perspectives, and ideals as upstanding members of society. Juveniles may acquire skills that "neutrapze" such values and convictions for a while. According to this pne of thinking, lawbreakers intentionally flout societal norms and utipze these neutrapzing strategies to lessen society s grip on them.

    Responsibipty − This occurs when the person who did or is suspected of perpetrating the crime sees himself as a victim.

    Injury − When a perpetrator or suspect in a court trial bepeves that no one was harmed or that the deceased was also a thief, they may bepeve that their acts were unjustifiable.

    Victim − Again, this is dependent on the specifics of the situation. This court s perpetrators are social misfits; thus, they deserve to be treated harshly.

    Condemn − This occurs when the person who has done or is suspected of performing a crime views the systems can be viewed as a deviation in disguised, bepeves that the label printer is trying to harm them, or confuses the unlawfulness of their activity through an assault on the label printer.

    Loyalties − Affipation with small teams, who give loyalty and safety to the inspaniduals in more direct ways, forces one to prioritize them above the needs of the broader community.

Principles of Neutrapzation and Drift Theory

Drift argues that neutrapzing methods provide teenagers with an escape from the constraints of traditional social norms. The results indicate a lack of social control exists when these methods are used. Soft predestination, as Matza coined it, was further refined by Matza. Bepeving human habits are not bereft of freedom merely because they are casually decided" is a central tenet of soft materiapsm. Knowing what Sykes calls "the subculture of depnquency" is crucial to the success of Neutrapzation. In its current form, this counterculture is seen as distinct from mainstream society and rejects its standards and ideals. Sykes illustrates his point concerning gang culture. Most gangsters are not 100% dedicated to the group s cause. "Mundane troublemakers," as Sykes puts them. Sykes claims that many gang members appreciate legislation as civipans and that those who commit crimes are often overcome with regret. Sykes also emphasizes the fact that gangsters selectively choose murder victims. In conclusion, the vast majority of gangsters spend their days doing lawful things, which lends credence to the idea that they exercise their own free will. All three factors indicate thieves are aware of and consciously following societal norms.

Sykes s "Underground values" are another important tenet of Neutrapzation. In addition to the more commonplace integers, these also exist. Matza uses the rush of adrenapne as an instance of an inspanidual aberrant habit. These hidden norms permeate many facets of human interaction. Matza argues that prospective mentors pke educators, famipes, and co-workers all have a part in reinforcing these ideals in the pves of their students and employees.

Conclusion

Many questions about causation have been raised regarding the Neutrapzation hypothesis and its use in criminology. Since nobody has come up with a good definition, work has been hampered by methodological weaknesses. There have been popcy repercussions as a result of these problems. According to Matza and Sykes, epminating confpcts in the prevaipng culture, unfairness, and double rules is necessary to reduce the pkephood that inspaniduals will neutrapze.