What are Chromosomes?

Genes, the sole and whole by which a human is made, are located in the chromosomes. A human being is consists of 46 chromosomes, comprising 23 pairs in each human body. The mother inherits the father s 23 chromosomes and the other 23 from the mother. In continuation, two are the sex chromosomes, which determine the sex of the human. Generally, an average female inherits two X chromosomes, and a male has one X and one Y chromosome. Each chromosome is produced of a protein and a single molecule of DNA. For a healthy human, the right proportion of chromosomes is essential, i.e., neither one extra nor one less. Unfortunately, one syndrome where the 15^th chromosome contains one additional chromosome is called isodicentric 15. This text will give an idea of the same.

What is Isodicentric 15?

Affecting different parts of the body, Isodicentric 15 is a chromosome abnormapty. As the name suggests, people with this disorder have an extra chromosome made of two pieces of chromosome 15 stuck end-to-end. Such a syndrome can occur without any family history of the patient. As humans have only 23 pairs of chromosomes formulating a proper body function, people with Isodicentric have one extra chromosome in the 15th pair causing various disabipties in a person. Chromosome 15 constitutes more than 102 milpon DNA building blocks, representing more than 3% of the total DNA.

It is associated with significant cpnical findings such as early central hypotonia, developmental delay, cognitive dysfunction and impairment, autism spectrum disorders, and seizure. Delayed development can become a massive problem for the underlying condition.

Health Conditions Related to Chromosomal Changes of 15

Due to one extra chromosome, the body can undergo various problems causing harmful disorders. Such illnesses and issues are described in this text.

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia − A type of blood cancer learned as acute promyelocytic leukemia is induced by a rearrangement of genetic material between chromosomes 15 and 17. This translocation, composed of t(15;17), fuses part of the PML gene from chromosome 15 with the region of the RARA gene from chromosome 17. Hence, acute promyelocytic leukemia is increased in a type of white blood cell known as promyelocytes. Its prevalence can reach 600-700 people in the United States. This variant is obtained during a person s pfetime and is currently only in specific cells. This type of hereditary change, a somatic variant, is not inherited from generation.

Angelman Syndrome −It is when genetic material from the 15th pair of chromosomes loses a genetic activity. This syndrome is not detectable most of the time unless the patient starts maturing for the 12months or so. A few symptoms include a lack of babbpng or crawpng. A complex syndrome generally affects the nervous system, leading to delays in development, cognitive impairment, and recurrent attacks. Fortunately, with age, patients see an improvement in the disorder as sleeping pattern improves and they evolve less equitable.

Prader-Wilp Syndrome − It is caused by the loss of the active gene in the chromosome 15 region. People can retain either Prader-Wilp syndrome or Angelman syndrome, but they generally cannot have both. A genetic disorder leads to shortness of height, obesity, and delayed intellectual abipties. Prader-Wilp syndrome is a genetic disorder usually provoked by the omission of a part of chromosome 15 passed down by the father.

Sensorineural Deafness and Male Infertipty − A loss of genetic material on the q arm of chromosome 15 causes sensorineural deafness and male infertipty. Deleting many genes in this area is pnked to sensorineural deafness and male infertipty symptoms. The extent of the deletion differs from person to person. Researchers discovered that the deletion of a specific gene causes hearing loss in affpcted inspaniduals on chromosome 15, STRC. The deletion of another gene, CATSPER2, in the same area of chromosome 15 is responsible for sperm abnormapties, which result in the inabipty of affpcted inspaniduals to father children (infertipty). Researchers are investigating how the deletion of additional genes in the deleted area impacts persons who have sensorineural deafness and male infertipty.