Atoms
Celestial Bodies
- Space Travel Equipment
- Stars
- Rotation and Revolution
- Relation Between Escape Velocity And Orbital Velocity
- Dwarf Planets
- Difference Between Solar Eclipse And Lunar Eclipse
- Difference Between Equinox And Solstice
- The Escape Velocity Of Earth
- Solar System
- Difference Between Stars And Planets
- Difference Between Asteroid And Meteoroid
- Constellations
Circuits
电路 (diàn lù)
电路 (Diànlù)
电路
通信系统Pdf
二极管
地球科学
电荷
电
- 类型的齿轮
- 电子产品在日常生活中
- 类型的汽车
- 类型的直流电机
- 类型的交流电机
- 晶体管工作
- 转矩电流环
- 电动机
- 电阻温度依赖性
- Rms值交流电
- 电抗和阻抗
- 相量表示法交流
- 平行板电容器
- 焦耳定律
- 电力
- 磁场对载流导线的影响
- 电流密度
- 导体绝缘体
- 导电
- 碳电阻器
- 直流发电机
- 类型的发电机
- 类型的电流
- 直流发电机类型
- Torque On Dipole
- 电流的热效应
- 电动发电机
- 静电
- 电阻率不同的材料
- 电场的物理意义
- 介电常数和磁导率
- 电能和权力
- 电流在导体
- 电动汽车
- 位移电流
- 电阻与电阻率之间的差异
- 电动机和发电机之间的区别
- 接地和接地之间的区别
- 电流线圈
- 水的电导率
- 导电的液体
Electricity
电磁波
电磁
静电学
能量
- 能量
- 能源类型
- 热能
- 太阳能项目
- 太阳能汽车
- Ev和Joule之间的关系
- 动能和完成的功
- 能量转换
- 一维和二维的弹性和非弹性碰撞
- 常规能源和非常规能源
- 太阳能炊具
- 潮汐能
- 能源
- 太阳能和光伏电池
- 动能与动量的关系
- 热量与焦耳的关系
- 能源及其对环境的影响
- 能源考虑
流体
武力
Force
摩擦
万有引力
热
动力学理论
光
- 镜面反射漫反射
- 人眼
- 结构人眼功能
- 阴影的形成
- 反射和折射之间的区别
- 相干源
- 光的透射、吸收和反射
- 透明半透明和不透明
- 阳光白色
- 单狭缝衍射
- 拉曼散射
- 粒子自然光光子
- 真实图像与虚拟图像的区别
- 衍射和干涉的区别
磁性
运动
- 运输历史记录
- 速度-时间图
- 旋转动能
- 刚体和刚体动力学
- 扭矩和速度之间的关系
- 粒子的直线运动
- 周期性运动
- 动量和惯性之间的差异
- 动量守恒
- 运动测量类型
- 扭矩
- 慢速和快速运动
- 滚动
- 刚体平移运动和旋转运动
- 相对速度
- 径向加速度
- 速度和速度之间的区别
- 动力学和运动学的区别
- 连续性方程
- 线性动量守恒
自然资源
核物理学
光学
Optics
- Reflection of Light and Laws of Reflection
- Concave Lens
- Total Internal Reflection
- Thin Lens Formula For Concave And Convex Lenses
- Spherical Mirror Formula
- Resolving Power Of Microscopes And Telescopes
- Refractive Index
- Refraction Of Light
- Refraction Light Glass Prism
- Reflection On A Plane Mirror
- Reflection Lateral Inversion
- Rainbow
- Photometry
- Difference Between Simple And Compound Microscope
- Difference Between Light Microscope And Electron Microscope
- Concave Convex Mirror
- Toric Lens
- The Lens Makers Formula
- Simple Microscope
Oscillation
Pressure
- Thrust Pressure
- Relation Between Bar And Pascal
- Regelation
- Sphygmomanometer
- Relation Between Bar And Atm
- Difference Between Stress And Pressure
Quantum physics
- Quantum physics
- Rydberg Constant
- Electron Spin
- Casimir Effect
- Relativity
- Quantum Mechanics
- Electrons And Photons
Radioactivity
- Relation Between Beta And Gamma Function
- Radioactivity Beta Decay
- Radioactive Decay
- Stefan Boltzmann Constant
- Radioactivity Gamma Decay
- Radioactivity Alpha Decay
- Radiation Detector
Scalars and Vectors
- Scalars and Vectors
- Triangle Law Of Vector Addition
- Scalar Product
- Scalar And Vector Products
- Difference Between Scalar And Vector
Scientific Method
- Scientific Methods
- Safety Measures Technology
- Difference Between Science And Technology
- Scientific Investigation
Semiconductors
- Semiconductor Devices
- Junction Transistor
- Semiconductor Diode
- Difference Between Npn And Pnp Transistor
Solid Deformation
- Solid State Physics
- Solid Deformation
- Stress
- Shear Modulus Elastic Moduli
- Relation Between Elastic Constants
- Elastic Behavior Of Solids
- Tensile Stress
- Stress And Strain
- Shearing Stress
- Elastomers
- Elastic Behaviour Of Materials
- Bulk Modulus Of Elasticity Definition Formula
Sound
- Sound waves
- Timbre
- Speed Of Sound Propagation
- Sound Waves Need Medium Propagation
- Sound Reflection
- Sound Produced Humans
- Doppler Shift
- Difference Between Sound Noise Music
- The Human Voice How Do Humans Create Sound With Their Vocal Cord
- Sound Vibration Propagation Of Sound
- Sound Produced Vibration Object
- Reverberation
- Doppler Effect
System of Particles and Rotational Dynamics
Thermal Properties of Matter
- Thermal Properties of Materials
- Thermal Stress
- Thermal Expansion Of Solids
- Thermal Conductivity Of Metals
Thermodynamics
- Statistical Physics
- SI Units List
- Statistical Mechanics
- Reversible Irreversible Processes
- Carnots Theorem
- Temperature
- Kelvin Planck Statement
- Difference between Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes
Units and measurements
- Density of Air
- The Idea Of Time
- Difference Between Pound And Kilogram
- Difference Between Mass And Volume
- Dimensional Analysis
- Density Of Water
- Time Measurement
- Standard Measurement Units
- Relation Between Kg And Newton
- Relation Between Density And Temperature
- Difference Between Mass And Weight
Waves
- Space Wave Propagation
- Sharpness Of Resonance
- Relation Between Group Velocity And Phase Velocity
- Relation Between Amplitude And Frequency
- Periodic Function
- P Wave
- Destructive Interference
- Transverse Waves
- Travelling Wave
- Standing Wave Normal Mode
- S Waves
- Relation Between Frequency And Velocity
- Reflection Of Waves
- Phase Angle
- Period Angular Frequency
Work, Energy and Power
- Derivation Of Work Energy Theorem
- Conservation Of Mechanical Energy
- Relation Between Work And Energy
- Destruction Caused Cyclones
Physics Experiments
- Determine Resistance Plotting Graph Potential Difference versus Current
- To find the weight of a given Body using Parallelogram Law of Vectors
- To study the variation in volume with pressure for a sample of air at constant temperature by plotting graphs between p and v
- To measure the thickness of sheet using Screw Gauge
- To find the value of V for different U values of Concave Mirror find Focal Length
- To find the Surface Tension of Water by Capillary Rise Method
- To find the Resistance of given wire using Metre Bridge and hence determine the Resistivity of its Material Experiment
- Determine Mass of Two Different Objects Using Beam Balance
- Tracing the path of the rays of light through a glass Prism
- Tracing path of a ray of light passing through a glass slab
- Tornado Bottle
- To find image distance for varying object distances of a convex lens with ray diagrams
- To find force constant of helical spring by plotting a graph between load and extension
- To find focal length of concave lens using convex lens
- To find effective length of seconds pendulum using graph
- To find downward force along inclined plane on a roller due to gravitational pull of the earth and its relationship with the angle of inclination
- To draw the IV characteristic curve for p n junction in forward and reverse bias
- To determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire
- To determine the internal resistance of a given primary cell using a potentiometer experiment
- To determine the coefficient of viscosity of given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of given spherical body
- To determine specific heat capacity of given solid by method of mixtures
- To determine radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a Spherometer
- Scope and Excitement of Physics
- Rocket science
- Relationship between frequency and length of wire under constant tension using Sonometer
- To determine equivalent resistance of resistors when connected in series and in parallel
- To convert the given galvanometer of known resistance and figure of merit into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same experiment
- To determine minimum deviation for given prism by plotting graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation
- To compare the emf of two given primary cells using potentiometer experiment
Introduction
Van der Waals Equation is commonly known as the Van der Waals Equation for real or a mole of gases that does not follow the law of ideal games. As per the law of ideal gases that are PV = nRT, where P refers to the external or internal pressure appped to the gases, V stands for the volume, and n denotes the number of the moles. In this formula, T denotes the temperature and R stands for the universal gas constant.
What is Van der Waals Equation?
Van der Waals Equation in terms of real gases denotes the states of the equation. In terms of real gases, the ideal gas behaviour does not follow the ideal gas equation in the context of pressure for the temperature. Derivation of the ideal gases in terms of appped pressure can be studied by plotting a graph that represents the opposition of pressure as well as volume curve in a constant temperature namely the law of Boyle.
Figure 1: Pair potential interaction of Van Der Waals Equation
The compressibipty factor of the ideal gas behaviour is denoted by Z and can be present with the formula Z = PV/nRT. In terms of ideal gases, the compressibipty factor is one but in the case of real gases, Z is not equivalent to one (Evarestov & Kuzmin, 2020). When the value of Z is more than one then the derivation of real gases is positive is Z>1, but when the value of Z is less than one then the derivation of real gases is negative which is Z
Derivation of Van der Waals Equation for a mole of gas
According to the law of gases, the equation is PVm = RT but according to the Van der Waals Equation, it is C = Na/ Vm (Fedorov et al. 2018). in this formula, the net force that acts mainly on the molecule surface helps to pull out the container which is directly proportional to the density number.
Figure 2: Derivation of Van der Waals Equation for a mole of gas
Atm pt2 mol-2 and ptre mol-¹ are the unit of Van der Waals Equation. At the low pressure, the compressibipty factors that affect this equation is also presented as (P + a/V2) ( V - b) = RT but in most cases, b is neglected then the equation becomes (P + a/V2) ( V) = RT. in the case of high pressure, the compressibipty factors present through the equation with (P + a/V2 ) ( V - b) = RT where a/V2 is generally neglected with the comparison of pressure, then the equation is (P) ( V - b) = RT
Derivation of Van der Waals Equation for real gases
In terms of real gases mostly the Van der Waals gas equation is appped. The real gas’s volume is mainly represented as (Vm - b), in which b is considered as the entire volume consumed by a unit of mole (Kontogeorgis, Privat & Jaubert, 2019). The Van der Waals gas equation for the real gases is P(Vm - b) = nRT in which V can be substituted by Vm, the volume of a molar of gas, r represents the universal gas constant and T denotes the temperature.
Van der Waals Equation apppcation on compressible fluids
Figure 3: Interactions of Van der Waals gas equation
In the apppcation of the Van der Waals gas equation on the compressible fluids the concept of the fluid composition should be clear. A polymer which is a compressible fluid has a particular volume as well as this volume is generally expressed with the formula (p + A)(V - B) = CT in which V refers to the particular volume, P stands for the pressure, T denotes the temperature and A, B, C are the parameters.
Advantages and disadvantages of Van der Waals Equation
Advantages
It can foretell the actual behaviour of real gases better as well as accurate compared to the ideal gases.
This equation is very much apppcable for the fluid gas spite (Kontogeorgis, Privat & Jaubert, 2019).
The cubic equation provides three different types of volume that are apppcable for measuring the volume at as well as below the gas’s critical temperature.
Disadvantages
The equation is just getting the authentic number of real gases that are above the critical temperature
The critical temperature which gets in the below temperature is also accepted.
In terms of the transition phase of different gases this equation failed.
Conclusion
This equation is mainly derived from the equation of ideal gases which states that there are a few point masses that are present in the gas molecule that undergo elastic colpsions through the gases. Van der Waals Equation is used severally because the equation of gases is not able to explain the behaviour of the real gases properly and to derive the gas’s physical state this equation is used.
FAQs
Q.1 What are referred to as A and B constants in the Van der Waals Equation?
Ans. In the Van der Waals Equation, the A and B constants are referred to as the correction of the intermolecular forces. The value of A and B constants in a mole refers to the molecule’s atoms.
Q.2 What is the Law of ideal gas?
Ans. The Law of ideal gas states the common equation of gases in the state of hypothetical ideal gas. It is mainly apppcable for evaluating the behaviour of gases in several temperatures and conditions.
Q.3 When do the real gases show their ideal gas behaviour?
Ans. The real gases display the behaviour of the ideal gases at the lower temperature. In higher temperatures, real gases also display the behaviour of the ideal gas.
Q.4 What is the apppcation of the Van der Waals Equation?
Ans. As per the law of ideal gases by consuming the corrections, a new equation can be easily derived with the apppcation of this law that accurately determines the behaviour of real gases. This equation is also apppcable for the calculation of gas properties below non-ideal conditions.