Atoms
Celestial Bodies
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磁性
运动
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Waves
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Work, Energy and Power
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Physics Experiments
- Determine Resistance Plotting Graph Potential Difference versus Current
- To find the weight of a given Body using Parallelogram Law of Vectors
- To study the variation in volume with pressure for a sample of air at constant temperature by plotting graphs between p and v
- To measure the thickness of sheet using Screw Gauge
- To find the value of V for different U values of Concave Mirror find Focal Length
- To find the Surface Tension of Water by Capillary Rise Method
- To find the Resistance of given wire using Metre Bridge and hence determine the Resistivity of its Material Experiment
- Determine Mass of Two Different Objects Using Beam Balance
- Tracing the path of the rays of light through a glass Prism
- Tracing path of a ray of light passing through a glass slab
- Tornado Bottle
- To find image distance for varying object distances of a convex lens with ray diagrams
- To find force constant of helical spring by plotting a graph between load and extension
- To find focal length of concave lens using convex lens
- To find effective length of seconds pendulum using graph
- To find downward force along inclined plane on a roller due to gravitational pull of the earth and its relationship with the angle of inclination
- To draw the IV characteristic curve for p n junction in forward and reverse bias
- To determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire
- To determine the internal resistance of a given primary cell using a potentiometer experiment
- To determine the coefficient of viscosity of given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of given spherical body
- To determine specific heat capacity of given solid by method of mixtures
- To determine radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a Spherometer
- Scope and Excitement of Physics
- Rocket science
- Relationship between frequency and length of wire under constant tension using Sonometer
- To determine equivalent resistance of resistors when connected in series and in parallel
- To convert the given galvanometer of known resistance and figure of merit into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same experiment
- To determine minimum deviation for given prism by plotting graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation
- To compare the emf of two given primary cells using potentiometer experiment
Introduction
波的干扰介质传输能量的转移质量。波通常是在一个简单的这样一个周期运动谐振子。他们有波峰和波谷。波的振幅波的高度。连续两个波峰之间的距离叫做波的波长。波通过每秒的数量被称为波的频率。阶段不波的性质。但它给出了两个信号具有相同的频率之间的关系。
Fig:1 Propagation of wave
分类的波是横波和纵波。如果粒子在垂直方向振动的传播方向,那么它被称为横波。
光波的例子。如果粒子振动方向平行的传播方向称为纵波。
调制−在广播、语音和音乐传输更远的距离。这是通过信号叠加到载波信号的频率高于实际的频率。这个过程称为调制。后获得的波调制称为调制波。波的高频信号是叠加称为载波,不包含任何信息。它是用,
$$mathrm{e_{c}=E_{c}cos(omega _{c}t+ heta )}$$
$$mathrm{E_{c}=peak:ampptude}$$
美元mathrm{ω_ {c}} =美元角频率
$mathrm{ heta}$ = phase
调节进行了通过改变任何一个的三个参数通过另外两个常数。通过这种方式,调制分为三个和调频,振幅调制和相位调制。
Ampptude Modulation
在调幅信号的振幅变化后的载波信号。载波的频率和相位载波的不会改变。没有信息是由载波信号,但它的振幅随信号的振幅波。
Frequency Modulation
有一个改变载波的频率如果瞬时信号电压的变化。它被称为调频。所以载波的振幅和相位不改变。
Frequency modulation
What are AM, FM, and PM?
是−它被称为调幅用来增加信号的振幅。
调频−它被称为调频用来放大信号的频率。
PM − Phase modulation is modulation in which the phase of the carrier wave is varied and is used for the transmission of signals.
How does FM work?
振幅调制波的载波的振幅相同。频率变化对瞬时信号振幅。每当信号振幅为零的载波频率是不变的。只要积极的一面上的信号幅度达到最大载波频率也增加到最大,表示紧密间隔的周期。在消极的一面最大,载波频率减少到最低,这是表示广泛间隔周期。
How does AM work?
很难直接传输一个信号传播方向?因为有一些因素影响的数量。这就是为什么调制。振幅调制的调制信号携带的信息的方法。载波信号的振幅成正比的信号携带的信息。每当消息信号的振幅最大的正方向调制信号的振幅达到最大值。当消息信号的振幅最小负方向调制信号的振幅达到最低。
Mathematical analysis
载波的数学表示
$$mathrm{e_{c}=E_{c}:cosomega _{c}t......(1)}$$
$$mathrm{omega _{c}=2pi f_{c}}$$
$ mathrm {e_ c {}, e_ {c}:和:f c{}} $瞬时电压,载波的振幅和频率。
调制信号的瞬时电压表示
$$mathrm{e_{s}=E_{s}:cos:omega _{s}t.......(2)}$$
$$mathrm{omega _{s}=2pi f_{s}}$$
$ mathrm {e_ c {}, e_{}:和:f{年代}}$瞬时电压,振幅和频率的信号波。
$$mathrm{E_{s}=mE_{c}}$$
所以,
$$mathrm{e_{s}=mE_{c}:cosomega _{s}t.....(3)}$$
给出了振幅调制信号的振幅
$$mathrm{ampptude=E_{c}+ mE_{c}:cos:omega _{s}t}$$
$$mathrm{ampptude=E_{c}(1+m:cos:omega _{s}t)}$$
振幅调制信号的瞬时电压
$$mathrm{e=ampptude:X:cos:omega _{c}t}$$
$$mathrm{e=E_{c}(1+m:cos:omega _{c}t)cos:omega _{s}t}$$
$$mathrm{e=E_{c}:cos:omega_{c} t+ mE_{c}:cos:omega _{s}t:cos:omega _{c}t}$$
$$mathrm{e=E_{c}:cos:omega_{c} t+ mE_{c}/2(2cos:omega _{s}t:cosomega _{c}t)}$$
$$mathrm{e=E_{c}:cos:omega_{c} t+ mE_{c}/2(cos:(omega _{c}+omega _{s})t+cos(omega _{c}-omega _{s})t}$$
$$mathrm{since:2cosAcosB=cos(A+B)+cos(A-B)e=E_{c}:cos:omega_{c} t+ (mE_{c}/2)cos:(omega _{c}+omega _{s})t+(mE_{c}/2)cos(omega _{c}-omega _{s})t}$$
有三个信号电压。它包括三个频率美元mathrm {f c {}, f f{}:{年代}+和:f f{年代}}{c} + $
美元mathrm f c{}{} $载波的频率不会改变但是有一些额外的美元频率mathrm f c {} {+ f{年代}}叫做上边带频率和美元mathrm f c {} {f{年代}}$叫做边带频率较低。他们是对称的载波。
Working Principle of AM Receiver in Reapty
在一个接收器一个未调制的无线电频率信号是由一个本地振荡器。这个信号与调制混合R。F信号接收。所以载波信号的频率变成了降低相同的调制,它被称为中频(。F )。这中间信号得到放大和检测。
是接收器的框图如下所示。在,,R。F放大器接收天线的调制信号,放大它。并给了混合器,混合频率低于从本地振荡器。和额外的放大是通过一个I.F.放大器。然后输出探测器。检测到信号了。F放大器和扬声器。这将电信号转换成声波。
How does PM work?
Phase Modulation − The change in ampptude of the instantaneous signal makes changes in the phase of the carrier wave which is called phase modulation.
与频率调制主要有相似之处。如果调制信号的振幅达到最大的积极一面的载波信号的相位和显示压缩。如果调制信号的振幅和达到一个最低落在消极的一面,然后载波信号的相位滞后和显示稀疏。
Difference Between AM and FM
Ampptude Modulation | Frequency Modulation |
---|---|
Variation in ampptude in accordance with carrier signal | Variation of frequency in accordance with carrier signal |
Frequency and phase kept constant | Ampptude and phase kept constant |
Poor sound quapty | Better sound quapty |
It is less complex compared to FM | It is more complex. |
Bandwidth is less | Bandwidth is large |
Power is wasted during transmission | It is highly efficient as all power is utipzed. |
Conclusion
调制技术用于放大的不同属性波振幅,频率、带宽、等等。根据要求,应用不同类型的调制。每一种调制有一些优点以及缺点。它主要用于通信和无线通信传输数据。
FAQs
Q1。解调是什么?
答,音频信号从调制波中恢复过来。这个过程称为解调或检测。它是在两个步骤进行。首先,消极的调制波的周期被整改。然后是载波频率是被一个合适的过滤器。
Q2。给FM调制的应用
答。调频应用于雷达和脑电图监测电路。
它主要用于调频广播。它也应用于磁带记录系统。它有一个广泛的应用在卫星和微波通信、蜂窝无线电通信,和电视声音传播。
第三季。调制指数是什么?
答。调制指数的比率的峰值电压调制信号和载波信号。
$$mathrm{modulation:index=frac{E_{s}}{E_{c}}}$$
第四季度。调制的必要性是什么?
Ans. The main need for the modulation is to increase the signal strength. It prevents the message from mixing with other signals.
Q5。天线的作用是什么?
答,天线是双向通信用于传输和接收调制波。在传输过程中,辐射的实际声波进入太空。在接待期间,它接收调制信号。