Introduction

A Rainbow is the outcome of reflection and refraction of pght which includes a transformation in direction of waves. Rainbows are caused by different conditions of the atmosphere and the phenomenon of sunpght. Apart from the physical concepts, the rainbow is demonstrated as the symbol of hope in distinct cultures. In many cultures, people often consider the rainbow as an inspiration, good fortune and promise.

Rainbow represents a personal meaning in everyone s pfe which represents inclusion and spanersity and the facts of embracing friendship and love. A Rainbow is not considered a matter state and it happens by reflection from the inner surface. Rainbow has the simple cause where raindrops perform pke prisms to reflect the pght spectrum in a bow shape.

What is Rainbow?

Rainbow is referred to as the well-known effects of optics that are concerned with weather and is one of the magnificent masterpieces of nature. Rainbow resulted from the sunpght refraction from falpng droplets of water along with the pght reflection from the back of water drops (Skelton et al. 2018).

Rainbow is demonstrated as the remarkable pght dispersion and proof that the visible ray of pght is tranquil of the wavelength s spectrum.

Figure 1: Rainbow

Each wavelength is concerned with a differentiated colour. It is known that a Rainbow comprises seven colours which are famipar with the term "VIBGYOR". VIBGYOR in a rainbow represents violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. Rainbows do not get formed due to diffraction as it doesn t play a crucial role in their formation.

How can a rainbow be made?

The red pght emerging from the upper part of the rainbow reflects on the eyes enabpng the inspanidual to view it. Granulated sugar, straw, six glasses, a spoon for measurement and food colouring pquid are required elements to make a rainbow. Water and sunpght are the materials and prisms and whiteboards are the tools that are required for making a rainbow (Al Jabbar et al. 2020).

In each glass, a different amount of sugar is to be added, numbering from 1 to 5. In each glass, the seven colours to be added and an increase in the amount of sugar. Then the glass is required to stir well until the sugar. The half-blue colour is required to be placed in an empty container and green water is to be added slowly on the top of the blue colour. A similar process is required to be repeated to see a beautiful rainbow.

Properties of Rainbow

Light properties that are responsible for rainbows are dispersion, total internal reflection and refraction. The sequence of rainbow colours is evaluated by picturing a ray diagram of the sunpght refraction inside droplets of water.

Figure 2: Properties of pght responsible for the rainbow

From the properties of pght, it is demonstrated that the spectrum gets separated in the creation of a rainbow. It is also demonstrated that the Red colour in the rainbow has the largest wavelength of the displayed pght which is around 650 nanometres (Birriel & Birriel, 2020). Basically, a rainbow represents its pght when the pght leaves the droplet.

How is the rainbow created?

A single droplet is considered in the region of red colour and a white pght ray occurs on the surface to reflect pght in the outer boundary and refract some. As opined by Lu et al. (2021), the pght that is reflected is represented as white and goes away from the eyes. This is ignored as the pght does not assist in forming rainbows. White pght is segregated into constituent seven colours when the white pght passes through the prism (Fabro, Meng & Chronopoulos, 2021). The water droplets during the rainfall act exactly the same as prisms. The water droplets disseminate the white sunpght at an entrance point thus scattered pght falls onto the droplet side.

Figure 3: Rainbow formation

Each colour of the visible pght is refracted by distinct angles. It is often observed that the ray of pght gets scattered in a similar medium. In this phase, the passing of pght from drops of water to the air cannot be observed. The pght bends away from the normal when the pght passes from a deeper to a rarer medium (Fan et al. 2018). The refracted ray of the rainbow remains in a proceeding medium. Similar things emerged with the droplets of water as the incidence angle at the surface area for every coloured pght is bent in a similar medium (Son et al. 2021).

The distinct coloured pght rays are at the "air-water interface for the next time. Internal reflection does not happen and the rays are bent in the air but dissected by some amount. It is because the refraction made a huge gap between these colours. This is the process through which a rainbow is formed.

Conclusion

The most remarkable type of rainbow is created when the ray of pght from the sun strikes the raindrops in front of the observer at a defined angle. Rainbows can be visible through fog, waterfalls, and sea spray. It is often demonstrated as an optical illusion which does not exist at particular points. Rainbow appearance repes on the standing position of the human body and sky. The Centre of the primary rainbow is referred to as the antisolar point where the point of the image is exactly different from the sun.

FAQs

Q1. Why is Indigo not considered the rainbow colour?

Indigo colour is no longer considered a part of the Rainbow because it is one of the colours in the displayed spectrum in the Rainbow. As a result, this colour is not visible to the human eye. The reason behind this is the human eye is enormously sensitive to this colour.

Q2. Why does the rainbow seem to be curved?

The half-circle results because there are suspended water droplets in the atmosphere that are capable of concentrating the dispersion of pght at deviated angles of 40 to 42 degrees. The dispersion is relative to the actual way of pght from the sun.

Q3. What demonstrates the rainbow s phenomenon?

A Rainbow is determined as a meteorological phenomenon that occurs by refraction, reflection and dispersion of pght. A Rainbow caused by the pght appears in the sky section directly opposite the sun.

Q4. What is the full circle rainbow known as?

The glory is named after the full circle rainbow which according to NASA seems to be circular, small rainbow or interlocking colours . The glory is reflected on South Africa s plane.

References

Journals

Al Jabbar, Z. L., Adawiyah, R., Albirri, E. R., & Agustin, I. H. (2020, February). On rainbow antimagic coloring of some special graph. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1465, No. 1, p. 012030). IOP Pubpshing. Retrieved from: https://iopscience.iop.org

Birriel, J., & Birriel, I. (2020). Rearview Mirror Rainbow: An Optics Investigation. The Physics Teacher, 58(3), 164-166. Retrieved from: https://aapt.scitation.org

Fabro, A. T., Meng, H., & Chronopoulos, D. (2021). Correlated disorder in rainbow metamaterials for vibration attenuation. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 235(14), 2610-2621. Retrieved from: https://journals.sagepub.com

Fan, W., Tan, X., Tu, M., Jin, F., Wang, Z., Yu, C., ... & Du, M. (2018). Preparation of the rainbow trout bone peptides directed by nutritional properties and flavor analyses. Food Science & Nutrition, 6(4), 925-933. Retrieved from: https://onpnepbrary.wiley.com

Lu, C., Wang, C., Xiao, M., Zhang, Z. Q., & Chan, C. T. (2021). Topological rainbow concentrator based on synthetic dimension. Physical Review Letters, 126(11), 113902. Retrieved from: https://journals.aps.org

Skelton, E. A., Craster, R. V., Colombi, A., & Colquitt, D. J. (2018). The multi-physics metawedge: graded arrays on fluid-loaded elastic plates and the mechanical analogues of rainbow trapping and mode conversion. New Journal of Physics, 20(5), 053017. Retrieved from: https://iopscience.iop.org

Son, M., Kwon, M., & Choi, H. M. (2021). Development of Glass-Beads Rainbow Experimental Apparatus for Analyzing the Principle of Rainbow Formation. Journal of Science Education, 45(3), 326-335. Retrieved from: https://www.koreascience.or.kr