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托里切利定律
托里切利定律表示，流体的流速等于物体从特定距离自由下落的速度，该距离也等于流体自由表面的高度。伊万杰利斯塔·托里切利是一位意大利科学家，他于1643年发现了这条定律。后来，这个定律被证明是伯努利原理的规范。这一原理包括流体流过一个稳定的系统，流体的密度是恒定的，也就是说，流体可以是不可压缩的。
What is the law of Torricelp?
托里切利定理的托里切力定律是针对一个特定的条件导出的。条件是，孔口应该很小，速度和其他损失应该被忽略（Gao&；Hu，2020）。在流体流过小孔的情况下，在伯努利方程中忽略了末端的流体速度。根据托里切利定律，导出了射流速度并不完全取决于流体的流动方向。在这种情况下，通过孔口的流出速度可以由公式v=√2gh表示（Gao&；Hu，2020）。托里切利定律在日常生活中常见于几种情况。例如，在水箱溢水的过程中可以观察到托里切利定律的应用。
Theorem of Torricelp
托里切利的物理定律表明水箱的高度和速度之间存在着主要的关系。这个定律或方程解释了流经孔的流体与液体罐中液体的高度之间存在关系。
Figure 1: The apppcation of Torricelp’s law
托里切利定律也被称为托里切利氏原理，该原理主要说明用v表示的流体的速度。在储罐中，流体随着重力从孔口流出，与用h表示的垂直距离的平方根成相等比例（Wilpams，2021）。可以说，孔口的流体流出速度相当于下落物体在重力作用下的下落高度。
Law derivation of Torricelp
Figure 2: The mechanical properties of Torricelp’s law
在该图中，A1表示狭缝面积，V1表示有助于流体流动的速度。A2表示储罐中流体的自由表面面积，V2表示自由表面的流体速度（Alvaro Berlanga，2021）。如果AV为常数，则A＜sub＞1＜/sub＞V＜sub＜1＜/sub>等于A＜sub>2＜/sub>V＜sub>2。在图的上下文中，A2>；A1，这一特定定律的力学性质取决于公式Pa+（1/2）ρv12+ρgy1=P+ρgy2，其中ρ代表流体密度。V表示液体的流动速度，g表示施加到流动流体的重力加速度。在这个公式中，y是指自由表面的流体高度。
Apppcation of Torricelp’s law
Figure 3: Apppcation of Torricelp’s law
托里切利定律的应用在我们的日常生活中很常见。这条定律的应用可以在水箱溢流期间看到。除此之外，在水坝中，当水从水坝中释放时，可以看到这一特定定律的应用（Gomez-Rojas等人，2021）。流体的速度方向是常见的。托里切利定律的应用也涉及到在恒定高度和恒定压力的情况下的简化条件。在消防车的工作过程中，也可以看到托里切利定律。
Conclusion
这个特殊的关系可以用不同的方式用公式来表述
v²/2 + gh p/ρ = constant
在这个公式中，v表示液体的流动速度，g表示施加到流体的重力加速度。在公式中，h表示流体在参考点上方的高度，ρ表示流体的密度，P相当于主要在液体容器顶部观察到的大气压力。在这个公式中，v等于0，因为将高度下降的液体表面与储罐中流体的速度进行比较。这里，h可以是0，这相当于在大气的特定点中的p。
FAQs
问题1托里切利定律的力学性质是什么
该定律的力学性质为Pa+（1/2）ρv12+ρgy1=P+ρgy2。在公式中，ρ表示密度，V表示速度。
问题2托里切利定律的方程式是什么
托里切利定律的方程为Vfx2=Vix2+2axΔx，其中流动流体的速度取决于水箱中流体的速度和高度。恒定的压力和重力加速度对速度有很大的影响。
Q.3托里切利定律中身高的实际值是多少
根据托里切利定律，高度的值等于零。大气压力也会影响流体的高度。
问题4托里切利的配方是什么
这个定律的公式是v²/2+gh p/ρ=常数。在公式中，ρ表示密度，V表示速度。