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- To determine minimum deviation for given prism by plotting graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation
- To compare the emf of two given primary cells using potentiometer experiment
Introduction
稀土磁铁被发现在1970年代和1980年代被认为是宏伟的类型的永久磁铁。磁铁年代结构形成的稀有元素不存在地球上。稀土元素的电子年代安排让他们发展强大的磁铁的磁场。地球物理学家证明,稀有元素非常昂贵;然而,磁铁是如此强大以至于磁铁的字段可以很小。领域的一块磁铁是由更强大的稀土磁铁和铝镍钴合金和肥沃的磁铁。磁铁范围领域的稀土元素的范围超过1.4特斯拉而铁氧体磁钢磁铁的磁场是0.5 - -1.0特斯拉。
What are rare earth magnets?
合金的成分有助于稀土磁体的形成。磁铁是非常熟悉的由于他们的吸引力和排斥力的属性。同样,地球磁体执行像一个磁铁,但它就像一个弱磁(宅一生&雅佳,2018)。
在地球磁场,电流在液态的外核主要产生的影响地球的磁铁由导电熔铁。< / p >
< img src = " /资产/问题/媒体/ 141 - 1660195306. - jpg”/ >
Figure 1: Rare earth magnets
稀土磁铁极其重要的元素产品的气候经济如风力涡轮机、电动汽车和其他技术,如冰箱、电话、飞机和导弹。
稀土磁铁是电动汽车的重要生产,清洁能源,国家防御和客户电子产品。中国是最大的生产中起着重要作用的控制器稀土组件。
Classification of rare earth magnets
稀土磁铁切割成两大分类的磁铁,包括钕磁铁、钐钴磁铁。
钕磁铁:磁性元素在1980年代被发现和被认为是最便宜和罕见类型的磁铁。铁、铜和钕合金需要创建稀土磁体。这种罕见的磁铁是利用在许多应用程序中,巨大的权力是必要的(Smith &艾格特,2018)。
钕磁铁具有更高的强度和强制地。这个磁铁的发现极有可能使小型化许多电子电器和仪器。
钐钴磁铁:这种类型的稀土磁体的化学式是SmCo5。这种类型的磁铁磁铁和最低成本高的原因少使用钕磁铁相比。这种类型的磁体的居里温度非常高,使一个利基为应用程序的强度要求最高温度(罗&陈,2020)。钴磁铁没有反抗的力量,因为他们容易凿和非常残酷。
Uses of rare earth magnets
钕磁铁的应用所取代铝镍钴合金和铁氧体磁铁在1990年由于增加竞争力。在1990年代,轻和重磁体大多认为现在他们拥有更多的力量。所认为的Kumar et al。(2019),一些常见的电器稀土磁体是利用包括电脑硬盘驱动器,发电机的风力涡轮机、扬声器和耳机。此外,稀土磁体也用于核磁共振扫描仪、渔线断路器,无绳工具和管理产品在工业领域的优先级。理想情况下,稀土磁体中利用医疗器械检测癌症在人体内。
How rare earth magnets are created
稀土磁铁通过创建动力气象学常常证明是最强的过程形成磁铁。适当的复合稀土磁体的制造过程是摧毁。这是被称为烧结磁铁的磁铁的主要原因。熔融合金中生成一个设备类型的惰性气体或真空下合适的原材料,融化(fischbach et al . 2018年)
。加沙地带连铸机设备用于创造这倒还是瘦成模具板上。块碎和计划的创建一个细粉,范围从3 - 7微米大小。< / p >
< img src = " /资产/问题/媒体/ 141 - 1660195418. - jpg”/ >
Figure 2: Rare earth magnets
的粉有能力即时点火和空气中化学反应本身。其他金属包括粒子对齐,这样所有的磁铁在最终的部分区域指向建议的方向(波波夫et al . 2018年)。的一个过程,这就是所谓的轴向或横向紧迫。
Conclusion
稀土金属是独一无二的和特殊的具有耐热的特性,磁和磷光功能,没有其他组件。稀土磁体往往失去力量,因为电磁空间安全,带来持久的能力支持外部磁场的磁铁。稀土磁铁也在利用线性马达,抗磁性悬浮,定格动画中利用电磁轴承和抗磁性悬浮,承认和投掷。稀土磁铁是利用在准备磁铁的磁性玩具和微型数据。
FAQs
Q1。什么是稀土磁铁寿命?
稀土磁铁的寿命损失近1%如果保持在最高温度或试图摧毁他们残酷。100到200年的寿命持续稀土磁体的性能普遍降低。
Q2。为什么稀土磁体具有力量?
这种类型的磁体的晶体结构具有很高的磁各向异性的。这意味着晶体得到优先沿着特定轴磁化的水晶的很难magnetise在其他方向。
第三季。生锈的稀土磁体看得见吗?
钕磁铁相对有腐蚀,这可能会导致腐蚀大气中的水分。钕磁铁涂层称为镍层,后跟一个铜和镍层。
第四季度。多少重量可能持有的稀土磁铁?
约200英镑可以持有的稀土磁铁。它是基于水平应用程序,如果利用垂直最小化了三分之二。
References
Journals
菲施巴赫,J。科瓦奇,。Gusenbauer, M。Oezelt, H。思想,李世默,L。、Bance年代。& Schrefl, t (2018)。微磁学稀土高效的永久磁铁。物理学学报D辑:应用物理,51 (19),193002。来自:< a href = " https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/aab7d1/meta " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://iopscience.iop.org < / >
Kumar R R。邹,T。拉罗卡,。Vakil, G。Gerada D。沃克,。,……&费尔南德斯,b . g .(2019年10月)。大功率高速pm-assisted synrel机器与铁氧体和稀土磁体为未来电动商用车。在IEEE 2019 - 45年会上IECON工业电子协会(1卷,第1088 - 1083页)。IEEE。来自:< a href = " https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8927523/ " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://ieeexplore.ieee.org < / >
罗,z . X。、陈& g (2020)。蜂窝稀土磁铁与各向异性交流互动。SciPost物理核心,3 (1),004。来自:< a href = " https://www.scipost.org/SciPostPhysCore.3.1.004 " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://www.scipost.org < / >
宅一生,T。&雅佳,h (2018)。稀土磁铁的量子理论。日本物理学会学报,87 (4):041009。来自:< a href = " https://journals.jps.jp/doi/abs/10.7566/JPSJ.87.041009 " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://journals.jps.jp < / >
波波夫,V。Koptyug,。Radulov,我。Maccari F。&穆勒,g (2018)。加法制造的前景的稀土和non-rare-earth永久磁铁。Procedia制造业,21岁,100 - 108。来自:< a href = " https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351978918302397 " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://www.sciencedirect.com < / >
史密斯,b . J。&艾格特r g (2018)。成本、替代和材料使用:稀土磁体。环境科学与技术,52 (6),3803 - 3811。来自:< a href = " https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.7b05495 " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://pubs.acs.org < / >
Websites
Nist (2022)。通过种不使用稀土磁材的磁铁对保护美国的未来。来自:< a href = " https://www.nist.gov/mgi/mgi-impact-stories/securing-americas-future-through-rare-earth-free-magnets " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://www.nist.gov < / >(检索:6月11日,2022)