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Physics Experiments
- Determine Resistance Plotting Graph Potential Difference versus Current
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- Scope and Excitement of Physics
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- To determine equivalent resistance of resistors when connected in series and in parallel
- To convert the given galvanometer of known resistance and figure of merit into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same experiment
- To determine minimum deviation for given prism by plotting graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation
- To compare the emf of two given primary cells using potentiometer experiment
Introduction: Coherent Sources of Light
产生具有相同频率、恒定或零相位差、相同波长的光波的光源称为相干光源。两个相干光波形成持续的干涉图样。当两个相干波相互重叠时,它们会随着时间的推移产生固定的最大值和最小值。
Images Coming soon
在这里你可以看到这个视觉来理解连贯的来源。
你可以通过阅读光的干涉和参数来仔细理解这个概念。
Examples of Coherent Sources of Light
阅读以下示例以理解相干光源:
自然相干源是恒星和激光。
扬声器产生的声波由具有恒定相位差和相同频率的电信号驱动。
一些小光源,如肥皂泡和蝴蝶翅膀,是部分相干的,你可以在上面看到干涉图案。
阳光通常是非相干光源,但一些小区域通常是部分相干的
Method of Producing Coherent Sources
很难找到一个纯相干的光源。因此,您可以使用以下方法生成相干源。
By Dividing the Wavefront
我们需要将光波阵面分成不同的部分,通过使用几个镜子、透镜甚至棱镜来获得相干光源。此外,我们还可以使用一些技术来获得相干源,如菲涅耳双棱镜方法、劳氏镜排列、杨氏双缝实验等。
By Dividing the Ampptude
我们可以通过将入射光束的振幅分成几个部分来创建相干光源。为了划分振幅,我们可以使用部分折射或反射的方法。在那之后,它通过新的路径传播以产生干扰。
Interference - A concept in Coherent Sources of Light
Images Coming soon
干涉是理解相干光源如何工作的常见方法之一。干涉是一种现象,其中具有相同频率和恒定相位差的两个波彼此重叠以形成合成波。
两种波相互干扰,根据不同波组的确切时间产生更大或更小的波纹。
Example,
当你观察河流等水体时,波浪可能会相互干扰,产生更大或更小的波浪,这取决于不同波浪组的确切时间。每个水波将具有彼此重合的波峰(振幅=1)和彼此重合的波谷(振幅0)。
Types of Interference
每当两个波相互穿过时,或者当一个波从表面反射后与自身干涉时,就会发生干涉。有两种主要类型的干扰会发生,尽管在这些基本模式上有很多变化。
它们包括以下内容:
Constructive Interference
Images Coming soon
当两个波重叠产生一个振幅大于其任何一个分量波的单个波时,就会发生相长干涉。组合波被认为是建设性的,因为它增加了之前的内容,而不是减少了之前的东西。
当一个人把沙子撒到水中时,可以看到一个相长干涉的例子,在水中,单个沙粒加起来会产生更大的波纹。这种效应也可以在杨氏的双缝实验中观察到,该实验证明了光作为粒子和波的行为。
Disruptive Interference
Images Coming soon
破坏性干涉是一种来自一个光源的光与另一个相干光源发生干涉的现象。这种干涉可以是相长的,导致光点更亮,也可以是相消的,导致光斑更暗。了解在使用相干光源时如何处理破坏性干扰将有助于构建和测量灵敏的探测器,如光电倍增管。
当我们通过大气层观察恒星时,也会发生破坏性干扰。大气湍流导致星光的某些部分与其他部分发生破坏性干扰,在其表面产生黑点。
FAQs
Q1.如何获得持续干扰
答:在干涉模型中,当两个波相互组合时,我们得到一个合成波,这与随着时间的推移最大和最小强度的位置一致,称为连续和永久干涉模式。
为了获得持续的干扰,我们需要遵循这些条件
两个来源都应该很窄
两种来源应一致
两个光源都需要彼此靠近,从而形成明显而宽敞的边缘。
Q2.相干光源的参数是什么
答:你必须需要相干光源来观察光学现象的影响。
一个完美的相干源应该具备以下条件
相位和振幅相同
相同强度和波长
零或恒定相位差
相同的速度和相位
Q3.为什么两个不同的源不能形成干扰模式
答:因为两个独立的光源不会是相干光源,所以它们不能用来产生干涉图样。如果我们有两个不同频率的光源,它们不会相互干扰,因为它们彼此独立。
让我们假设我们有一个红色光源和一个蓝色光源。这两个源的强度将根据它们各自与某个角度的平面的距离而变化。由于它们的频率不匹配,它们永远不会产生任何干扰模式。
Q4.光的干涉条件是什么
干涉是理解相干光源的一个重要概念。
为了获得恒定和永久的干涉图案,光源应具有以下条件:
光源应该是相干的
应具有相同的强度和振幅
光源应该很窄
光源应产生单一波长
源和屏幕之间的距离应该很大。