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Introduction
在了解电子伏特和焦耳之间的关系之前,我们首先需要定义什么是单位。在物理学中,单位一词被用作几个物理量的测量标准。单位是用来建立相等数量的不同度量之间的关系的。在任何科学方法中,焦耳表示SI或标准国际单位,用于提供能量的标准测量,而电子伏特表示所获得的能量值。
Definition of Electron Volt
电子伏特可以定义为提供电子获得的净能量的描述所需的单位。只有当电子在特定的特殊条件下加速时,才使用该单元,其中包括1伏的电势差(Rapidtables.com,2022)。
然而,伏特(V)或(E)是国际单位制单位,用于定义和测量两点之间的电势或EMF或电动势之间的差异。伏特的公式被定义为电流与电阻的乘积。
因此,用更简单的话来说,电子伏特可以表示为携带一个单位电子电荷的电子所接收的能量相等,而电子内的电势增加1伏特(Science.nasa.gov,2022)。因此,接收到的能量据说是1eV。尽管用于电子伏特的符号据说已经应用于高等物理学。注意到电子伏特的几种形式,包括KeV、TeV、GeV和MeV。
The formula of an electron volt
建立电子伏特与伏特之间关系的公式可以写成一伏特等于1.0E-18EV。这是因为10到18伏的功率被定义为1 exa伏,也就是说,I exa伏=1018伏。
First chemical battery
第一个化学电池的发明提供了电压的概念,这是由伦巴第物理学家亚历山德罗·沃尔塔提出的。更具体地说,他发明了伏打电堆。下图表示实验
Figure 1: Electron Volt definition
在这个实验中,使用了一个平行板电容器,当这个过程开始时,电子在负极板中变得活跃,并朝着正极板加速,这是由于电容器的平行板的存在。这是因为正极板处于一伏的较高电位(Lu等人,2022)。因此,自由电子从一点到另一点所做的总功往往具有1伏的电势差,并被定义为1电子伏。因此,1eV=1伏乘以电子获得的电荷,意味着1.6*10<sup>-19</sup>[1V=(1J/1C)]。
Definition of Joule
焦耳被定义为国际单位制,用于测量完成的功或能量。然而,一焦耳可以表示为在1米的位移上施加一牛顿力时施加的能量净额(Electronics-tutorials.ws,2022)。还指出,一焦耳等于1瓦功率的辐射或耗散约一秒钟
Figure 2: Joule definition
在上面的图像中,显示了能量的SI单位。在上图中,能量的传递是通过作用在物体上的一牛顿的力发生的,从而使物体在相同的方向上移动1米的距离(Techtarget.com,2022)。焦耳不仅被定义为能量的传递,还被定义为物体所做的功。
Explaining the formula of 1 unit of Joule
解释1个焦耳单位的公式是,1J=6.2415*1018eV(Mrsolar.com,2022)。这进一步定义了在相同方向上沿着1米的距离移动物体时所做的能量或总功。
Conversion
Conversion of Electron Volt to Joule
电子伏特的转换如下所述。
因此
1 eV equals to 1.60218 * 10-19 J,
2 eV equals to 3.2044 * 10-19 J,
3 eV equals to 4.8065 * 10-19 J and so on.
Conversion of Joule to Electron Volt
焦耳到电子伏特的转换如下所示。
因此
1 J equals to 6.242 * 1018 eV,
2 J equals to 1.248 * 1018 eV,
3 J equals to 1.872 * 1018 eV and so on.
Apppcation of the relationship of Joule and Electron volt
需要注意的是,焦耳到电子伏特的转换,反之亦然,对于解决与核物理和原子能工厂领域相关的任何类型的问题都是非常必要的。此外,对话表提供了解决与所做工作和能量转移相关的问题的简单途径(Science.nasa.gov,2022)。这种关系非常重要,因为它为理解焦耳和电子伏特单位的概念提供了方便。
Conclusion
在本教程中,描述了焦耳和电子伏特这两个有效单位内公认的关系。然而,它们都表明了所做的功或能量传递的概念,并且它们都提供了SI系统中的测量。此外,基本关系是1eV=1.6*10-19J。
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1.在定义电子伏特时使用了哪些公制前缀
电子伏特中使用的矩阵前缀是mega、kilo、peta、giga、tera,最后是exa。
Q2.eV代表什么
电子伏特的单位象征着能量的概念,电势的结果被定义为伏特。
Q3.谁发明了伏打电堆
伦巴第物理学家亚历山德罗·沃尔塔通过化学电池的实验发明了伏打堆。
Reference
Journals
Lu,Y.R.、Pudasainee,D.、Khan,M.、Gupta,R.和Nikrityuk,P.A.,2022年。焦耳加热填充管伏安特性的实验和数值研究。《能源资源技术杂志》,144(5),第052105页。检索自:
Websites
电子教程.ws,(2022),电能,
[检索日期:2022年6月11日]Mrsolar.com,(2022),伏特、安培、欧姆和瓦特是什么意思,检索自:
[检索日期:2022年6月11日]Rapidtables.com,(2022),电子伏特到焦耳,检索自:
[检索日期:2022年6月11日]Science.nasa.gov,(2022),什么是电子伏特?,检索自:
[检索日期:2022年6月11日]Techtarget.com,(2022),伏特的定义,检索自:
[检索日期:2022年6月11日]