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温度计读数温度
Introduction
热能是一种由于热量而产生的能量，在接触时从身体的较高温度流到较低温度。利用“动能总和”可以测量人体内的热能。
“焦耳”（J）是热能的国际单位制单位，卡路里是“热能”的实用单位（Aw，2020）
因此，身体的冷热就是温度，温度计可以测量身体的温度。
About Thermometer
一个可靠的医疗仪器需要不断测量身体的温度。温度计基本上是通过在玻璃管内放入酒精或汞来建造的。在管体上，以不同的刻度（如“摄氏度”和“华氏度”）为温度分配了不同的标记。
温度计获取的温度表达式用摄氏度或华氏度表示。
由于温暖而导致的汞的生长是身体的温度。温度差异是指温度计玻璃正面的不同标记。
Figure 1: Glass Thermometer
Process of measuring the body temperature with a thermometer
温度计是唯一一种被大多数人信任和操作的测量体温的医疗仪器。它可以提供精确的人体或动物身体的温度读数。尽管如此，在测量温度时需要遵循不同的过程。
用过的温度计在使用前需要在常温下用水清洗。在使用温度计之前需要用力几下，因为温度计可以降低玻璃中的汞含量。
汞含量低于“37°C或98°F”是标记体温的理想情况（Chen，Chen&；Chen，2020）。
此外，当温度保持恒定时，一部分气体的理想“压力（p）和体积（v）”被连接为“PV=恒定”。
Types of Thermometers to read the temperature
不同类型的温度计可作为医疗设备，用于家庭和实验室测量温度。以下是可用于不同用途的不同类型温度计：
Digital and electrical thermometers
目前，数字温度计是测量体温最快、最好的方法。
放置在电气或数字温度计内的“电阻”会随着温度、热和冷的任何变化而变化。这种温度计通常由电池供电，在任何情况下都能提供更准确的结果。另一方面，电温度计使用“铂和热敏电阻”，其工作原理是“电阻”随温差而变化。无论如何，“电温度计”可以计算出比“热敏电阻”更显著的温度场。
Use of digital thermometers to read temperatures
以下是以不同方式使用的具体类型的“数字温度计”：
Oral
这种方法对4岁的婴儿很有用，他们可以把温度计放在嘴里一分钟。在这个过程中，将温度计放在舌头下面可以提供准确的读数。
Rectal
3岁以下的婴儿被用来测量体温。温度计可以插入婴儿的直肠，然后测量温度。
Axillary
在这个过程中，温度计可以放在孩子的腋下，以获得温度读数。这个过程需要时间，通常考虑到口头过程。
"Tympanic (ear)"
在鼓室温度计中应用红外光测量热量。与其他类型相比，这种类型的温度计以最快的方式提供读数（Fajrin等人2019）。人们需要准确地放置设备，以更精确地测量温度。
Figure 2: "Ear (tympanic) thermometer"
“颞动脉（前额）”
前额温度计不如数字温度计可靠，而且比任何其他温度计都要膨胀。来自患者前额的热量是用红外传感器测量的，以传递温度（Wijaya等人2020）。
Figure 3: "Celsius vs Fahrenheit" temperature
Temperature Ranges for Humans
每个人的正常体温范围是“96.8华氏度”。此外，这个范围受到一些因素的影响，如年龄、体重、身高、性别和活动水平（My.clevelandcpnic，2022）。下表说明了人体温度范围的更好概念。
| Range | Lower-end | Higher-end |
|---|---|---|
| Normal | "97 degrees F" | "99 degrees F" |
| "Low-graded Fever" | "98.6 degrees F" | "100.3 degrees F" |
| Fever | "100.4 degrees F" | "103 degrees F" |
| "High-graded Fever" | "103.1 degrees F" | N/A |
Table 1: Human body "Temperature ranges"
Conclusion
温度计在读取体温方面的作用在于，它可以通过热量的相互作用，随着汞含量的增加而做出标记。热能将放置在温度计中的内容物的量转化为测量体内温度。任何人都可以从任何“超市药房”或医疗商店购买数字温度计。使用气体作为内部材料的温度计也可以提供相同的读数。
FAQs
Q1.哪些温度计在美国没有
答：出于安全考虑，传统的水银温度计在美国无法购买。这种温度计如果破裂并释放出所含的汞，可能会带来危险，因为如果接触到汞，对人类来说是一种有毒物质。
Q2.“数字温度计”的缺点是什么
答：数字温度计中的电池需要定期更换。由于缺乏细胞，它在任何类型的新兴情况下都不可用。有了数字，温度读数可能会让口腔读数感到不舒服。
Q3.温度计有什么用处
答：温度计的实用性可以在测量温度时发挥作用，将其放在舌头或手臂下，以获得疾病期间身体热量的准确读数。