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Physics Experiments
- Determine Resistance Plotting Graph Potential Difference versus Current
- To find the weight of a given Body using Parallelogram Law of Vectors
- To study the variation in volume with pressure for a sample of air at constant temperature by plotting graphs between p and v
- To measure the thickness of sheet using Screw Gauge
- To find the value of V for different U values of Concave Mirror find Focal Length
- To find the Surface Tension of Water by Capillary Rise Method
- To find the Resistance of given wire using Metre Bridge and hence determine the Resistivity of its Material Experiment
- Determine Mass of Two Different Objects Using Beam Balance
- Tracing the path of the rays of light through a glass Prism
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- Tornado Bottle
- To find image distance for varying object distances of a convex lens with ray diagrams
- To find force constant of helical spring by plotting a graph between load and extension
- To find focal length of concave lens using convex lens
- To find effective length of seconds pendulum using graph
- To find downward force along inclined plane on a roller due to gravitational pull of the earth and its relationship with the angle of inclination
- To draw the IV characteristic curve for p n junction in forward and reverse bias
- To determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire
- To determine the internal resistance of a given primary cell using a potentiometer experiment
- To determine the coefficient of viscosity of given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of given spherical body
- To determine specific heat capacity of given solid by method of mixtures
- To determine radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a Spherometer
- Scope and Excitement of Physics
- Rocket science
- Relationship between frequency and length of wire under constant tension using Sonometer
- To determine equivalent resistance of resistors when connected in series and in parallel
- To convert the given galvanometer of known resistance and figure of merit into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same experiment
- To determine minimum deviation for given prism by plotting graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation
- To compare the emf of two given primary cells using potentiometer experiment
Introduction
你见过放大镜吗 这是一个球面透镜的例子。但你知道这是什么类型的镜头吗?让我们通过这个关于凹凸透镜(球面透镜)的教程来了解球面透镜的组件和结构。
Introduction: Spherical Lenses
您可能已经听说并了解了平面反射表面以及球面反射表面。球面反射面有两种类型,根据其结构可以称为凹面镜和凸面镜。
也就是说,如果一个球形反射表面内部弯曲,它就被称为凹面镜。另一方面,向外凸出的球面反射面被称为凸面镜。
类似于球面镜,球面透镜有一个或两个球面侧面。然而,镜子和透镜之间的一个关键区别是,镜子反射光线,而透镜折射光线。
换句话说,镜子不是透明的,但透镜是透明的。光线可以穿透表面并通过折射穿过透镜。
你可能想知道光线被折射是什么意思。让我们来回答这个问题,折射的含义是什么?
What is Refraction?
折射是一种光束穿过透明球面并改变其路径的现象。也就是说,光线在穿过球面后会偏离其原始路径,并以不同的路径传播。这种路径上的变化称为折射。
当光束偏离其原始路径,或者说发生折射时,角度也会发生变化。因此,入射角和折射角是不同的。
Types of Spherical Lenses
在进一步讨论球面透镜的类型之前,让我们先了解球面透镜的结构。
透镜由两个球面或一个球面和一个平面组成。两个表面都是透明的,允许光线穿过它们。这种球面被称为透镜。
有两种类型的球面透镜。它们如下:
凸透镜:具有一个或两个向外凸出的球面的透镜称为凸透镜。
凸透镜边缘较薄,中间部分较厚。
凹透镜:具有一个或两个向内弯曲的球面的透镜称为凹透镜。
凹透镜的边缘较厚,中间部分较薄。
Images Coming soon
Image 1: Convex and Concave Lens
Components of Concave Convex Lens (Spherical Lens)
主轴:从中间穿过镜片并连接两个曲率中心(C)的直线称为主轴。
这是一条假想线,焦点(F)、曲率中心(C)和光学中心(O)等多个点位于该假想线上。
曲率中心(C):透镜的两个球面是两个不同球体的一部分。当绘制包括透镜球面的两个假想球体,并标记两个球体的中心时,这被称为透镜的曲率中心。
由于有两个球面,单个透镜有两个曲率中心(C)。弯曲中心都标记为$mathrm{C_1}$和$mathrm{C_2}$。
光学中心:透镜的中心点称为光学中心。光学中心用字母“O”表示。它类似于球面镜的极点(P)。
When a ray of pght incidents on the optical center, it does not change its original path and just passes through the ‘O’ without any change in the angle of incidence.
曲率半径(R):光学中心“O”和曲率中心“C”之间的距离称为曲率半径。它由字母“R”表示。
有两个球面和两个曲率半径。每个曲率半径被标记为$mathrm{R_1}$和$mathrm{R_2}$。
两个曲率半径的距离相同。也就是说,两个曲率中心(C)与透镜的光学中心(O)等距。
光圈:透镜圆形表面的直径称为光圈。它由字母“A”表示。
与透镜的曲率半径(R)相比,孔径较小是很重要的。
Images Coming soon
Image 2: Components of Spherical Lens
焦点(F):主轴上所有光线会聚的点称为焦点。这一点用字母(F)表示。
凸透镜具有真实焦点,而凹透镜具有虚拟焦点。
Activity to find a Focus (F) of the lens
为了理解球面透镜的下一个组成部分,我们将进行一项活动。
要求:凸透镜、纸张
程序
把凸透镜放在太阳底下,把纸放在透镜下面。
调整镜头,使纸上可以看到一个亮点。
保持一段时间,观察发生了什么。
观察:由于太阳的热量,纸张在一段时间后开始燃烧。
结果和结论:通过这项活动,我们可以得出结论,凸透镜可以将光线会聚到一个点上。这一点被称为焦点(F)。
焦距(f):焦点(f)和光学中心(O)之间的距离称为焦距。它由字母“f”表示。
Images Coming soon
Image 3: Focus (F) and Focal Length (f) of Spherical Lens
Conclusion
在本教程中,我们了解了球面透镜(凹凸透镜)的结构、类型和组件。球面透镜的部件包括
Aperture (A)
Principal axis
Optical center (O)
The radius of curvature (R)
The center of curvature (C)
Focus (F), and
Focal length (f).
FAQs
Q1.凹形和凸形之间的区别是什么
答:凹透镜的球面向内弯曲,另一方面,凸透镜的球面向外凸出。
Q2.你是如何记住凹透镜和凸透镜的
答:凹这个词里面有另一个词“洞穴”。看起来像洞穴的透镜的结构,里面是弯曲的,可以作为凹透镜来记忆。不具有这种球面的另一种类型的透镜可以被称为凸透镜。
Q3.凸透镜在哪里使用
答:凸透镜用于眼镜矫正视力异常。
Q4.放大镜是凸透镜吗
答:是的。放大镜是一个凸透镜。当物体被放置在焦点(F)和光学中心(O)之间时,它会被凸透镜放大。
问题5.人眼使用哪种镜片
答:人类的眼睛有一个“iconvex”晶状体。也就是说,人眼晶状体是两个球面,它们都向外凸出。这种双凸透镜有助于将光线会聚到视网膜上,即使在黑暗中也能产生清晰的物体图像。