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- Scope and Excitement of Physics
- Rocket science
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- To determine equivalent resistance of resistors when connected in series and in parallel
- To convert the given galvanometer of known resistance and figure of merit into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same experiment
- To determine minimum deviation for given prism by plotting graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation
- To compare the emf of two given primary cells using potentiometer experiment
Introduction
按照一般的范本,谱系列被称为一组平行线,代表统一的速度和距离。在这种情况下,它被观察到光的波长可以创建一个对这些谱线的波长产生重大影响。基于这一基本信念,本教程将定义氢原子的光谱系列。此外,本教程将包括谱系列的形成以及Rydberg公式的解释。
Spectral Series: Definition
Figure 1: Spectral series
最简单的方法理解的原则被认为是研究氢原子光谱系列。最基本的原子氢系统在自然界发现的是一个电子和一分。图像形式当光线或辐射进入狭缝装置。这张照片的帮助下可以观察到一个分光镜(Du et al . 2021年)。形成的谱线的波长的光,被安排在一个平行的形式互相一致的间距。
Formation of Spectral Series
Figure 2: Formation of Spectral Series
为了理解光谱的形成系列,玻尔原子模型是普遍使用。
被应用于经典电磁理论,使用这个模型来解释的能量水平集封闭了每个原子(McGuire et al . 2021年)。
能量状态通常名为量子数的基础上。释放光子的能量nh - nl是观察到的时候,电子跃迁到低能量状态(nl)从一个更高的能量(nh)。
生产时出现了相同的声子能量转换发生在两个能量状态相似,因为相关的能量在每一个状态是固定这有助于谱系列划分为一个等价的系列。
Rydberg formula
Figure 3: Rydberg formula
氢原子被认为是负责把视图的发射光谱。这个特定的光谱发现是由不同的数字谱系列。
一次,到达激发态能级,能级之间的跃迁是观察到的电子气体。可以计算光谱的波长系列(En Rydberg公式的使用。universaldenker, 2022)。
能量水平之间的差异,观察到玻尔模型和发射的谱线的波长光子通常是由Rydberg公式的数学表示。
这个公式的数学表示美元mathrm{压裂{1}{λ}= RZ ^{2}(压裂{1}{n_1 ^{2}}−压裂{1}{甲烷^ {2}})}$。在这个公式中,字母R是里德伯常量的值1.0973710 <一口> 7 < /一口> m <一口> 1 < /一口>。λ表示波长和原子序数Z。
Types of Spectral Series
Lyman series
本系列微粒命名西奥多·莱曼在他那个系列的创始人。按照波尔模型,当过渡的选举观察问= 1的水平更高的能量状态,莱曼系列的外观可以看出新闻官(Quimby et al . 2018年)。
Balmer series
约翰·巴尔末一般在1885年创建这个特定系列。巴耳末系的发生可以观察到的时候将电子从能量水平高到低能量状态(nl = 2)可见光谱的电子(400 nm - 740 nm)。
Paschen series
系列的名称命名的弗里德里希·帕兴氏小谁在1908年发现这个频谱。时电子迁移到低能量状态(nl = 3)从高能级是帕邢系(Ucopck, 2022)。本系列是红外的波长范围内的电磁波谱。
Brackett series
弗里德里希·萨姆纳·布兰克特在1922年创建这个特定系列,这个系列是他的名字命名。电子启动时从一个更高的能量状态转向较低,布拉开系出现。
Pfund series
本系列命名哈曼刘德,它发生在8月的电子迁移到低能量状态(nl = 5)。本系列所有的波长红外光谱的一部分,被认为是电磁波。
Humphrey’s series
本系列是由柯蒂斯J汉弗莱斯当电子从一个更高的能量状态迁移到更低(nl = 6)。
Conclusion
的教程中已经阐明表示谱系列的概念,可以从不同的角度观察到原子在不同阶段的氢原子的光谱。在本教程中,包括,为了计算光谱的发射,公式的数学表达式,如美元mathrm{压裂{1}{λ}= RZ ^{2}(压裂{1}{n_1 ^{2}}−压裂{1}{甲烷^ {2}})}$。在这个公式,R的值被认为是1.09737✕10 7 <一口> < /一口>米⁻¹。此外,本教程介绍了几种不同类型的光谱系列。
FAQs
Q1。什么是光子?
光子可以被称为基本负责携带电磁力的亚原子粒子。
Q2。原子系统被称为宇宙中最简单的?
氢气被认为是最简单的原子,它由一个电子和一个质子,氢在四分之三宇宙的一部分有其存在。
第三季。有多少谱线光谱中观察到的?
可以观察到两种类型的谱线的光谱,如发射线与吸收线。发射谱线波长时发出的粒子,而吸收线的发生时吸收的波长粒子。
第四季度。计算谱线是怎么做的?
公式的数学表示的帮助下的计算谱线可能是写成2 (n <子> < /订阅> - 1 n <子> < /订阅>)(n <子> 2 < /订阅> 1 - n <子> < /订阅> + 1)/ 2。这个微粒公式代表的数字谱线。
References
Journals
杜,C。张,x N。太阳,t . L。杜,M。郑,Q。、吴& z l . (2021)。形成氢键association-mediated动力学和艰难的超分子水凝胶的粘弹性特性。大分子,54 (9),4313 - 4325。来自:< a href = " https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Xin-Ning-Zhang/pubpcation/351498057_Hydrogen-Bond_Association-Mediated_Dynamics_and_Viscoelastic_Properties_of_Tough_Supramolecular_Hydrogels/pnks/6267d9fdbca601538b6a34a8/Hydrogen-Bond-Association-Mediated-Dynamics-and-Viscoelastic-Properties-of-Tough-Supramolecular-Hydrogels.pdf " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://www.researchgate.net < / >
McGuire, b。Loomis, r。,Burkhardt, a . M。李,K·l·K。Shingledecker, c . N。Charnley, s . B。,……麦肯锡m . c (2021)。检测两个星际通过光谱匹配滤波多环芳烃。科学,371 (6535),1265 - 1269。来自:< a href = " https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.09984 " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.09984 < / >
Quimby, r . M。De中情局。Gal-Yam,。Leloudas, G。Lunnan, R。Perley, d。,……& Yaron o . (2018)。光谱的贫氢superluminous超新星ptf。《天体物理学杂志》上,855 (1),2。来自:< a href = " https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aaac2f/pdf " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aaac2f/pdf < / >
Websites
En。universaldenker, (2022)。Rydberg公式氢。来自:< a href = " https://en.universaldenker.org/formulas/743 " target = "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://en.universaldenker.org/formulas/743 < / >(2022年6月17日检索)
Ucopck, (2022)。谱线的形成。来自:< a href = " https://www.ucopck.org/ bolte拍摄/ AY4_00 / week2 / spectral_pne_formation.html”目标= "平等" rel =“nofollow”> https://www.ucopck.org/ bolte拍摄/ AY4_00 / week2 / spectral_pne_formation.html < / >(2022年6月17日检索)