In the study of optics, a lens is defined as a piece of glass or transparent substance which is used to form an image. Moreover, it is bounded by two surfaces. It forms images of any object just by focusing on the pght, that comes from that particular object. It has several properties, such as the principal axis, principal focus, center of curvature of the lens, aperture and optical center. Between the two types of lens, here the convex lens is going to use in the experiment and it forms images that can be either a real or virtual image. Through this experiment, the image distance for varying object distances of a convex lens with ray diagrams can be found.

Aim

This experiment aims to find the image distance in case of convex lens for any varying object and with the use of ray diagram can be shown how the nature of the image is formed.

Theory

A convex lens

The structure of a convex lens is thick at the center and thin from the edges. It can be defined as a lens with a surface that is bent outwards (Mao et al. 2022). A convex lens is also known as a biconvex lens or converging lens. This type of lens converges the pght beam incident on it. Mainly 3 types of convex lens can be found, double, Plano and concavo.

The formula of the lens

The relationship between the object distance [denoted as ‘u’], the distance of image [denoted as ‘v’] and the focal length [denoted as ‘f’] is referred to as the formula of the lens or as the lens formula (openstax, 2022). It can be shown as,

[1/f] = [(1/v)- (1/u)]

In this equation, the f= focal length, v= distance of the image that is from the lens s optical center and u= the distance between an object and lens’s optical center.

Required material

In the process of conducting the experiment, few materials are mandatory (teachoo, 2022). A convex lens is required that has a focal length of 12 to 20 cm, for taking measurement a measurement scale, optical bench, a needle and most importantly a candle.

Process