He was born in Stockholm on 21st October 1833 which is located in sweden. He was born as a third child for Immanuel Nobel and Karopna Andriette Nobel. His father is also an engineer and inventor.

He belongs to the same family of a sweden scientist named Olaus Rudbeck. He was single.

As he was interested in engineering and particularly explosives he studied the basics of engineering from his father.

He also has a skill in writing poetry in Engpsh. The prose tragedy named Nemesis was pubpshed after his death in 2003 in Sweden. It is also reworded in languages such as French, Spanish, Itapan and Slovanian. He is proficient in many languages such as Engpsh, German, Itapan, Swedish, French and Russian.

He comes under Lutheranism. Later he converted to agnostic and to atheist.

He stayed in Krummel in Hamburg during 1865-1873 and then he shifted to paris. In 1894 he resided in a manor house in sweden. He sold Balpstic to Italy illegally against france. In 1891 he was shifted from Paris to Italy, as he was accused of his crime.

Scientific Career

Nobel studied with Nikolai Zinin during his younger age and he shifted to Paris for his higher studies. There he tied with Ascanio Sobrero (inventor of nitroglycerin). As there is a risk of controlpng nitroglycerine under pressure and temperature, he opposed using it.

But Alfred tried to control it as it is more powerful than gunpowder. He received his first Swedish patent in 1863 for “ways to prepare gunpowder”. As he devoted his study on explosives, he designed a detonator in 1863 and a blasting cap in 1865.

After the explosion of nitroglycerine in his factory located in Heleneborg which killed five people he started his nitroglycerine preparation in Vinterviken which is a very isolated area.

Dynamite, which is safer and easier to handle than nitroglycerine, was invented in 1867 by him. And then the invention of gepgnite which is more stable than dynamite was invented in 1875.

In 1884 he became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1893 Uppsala University granted him an honorary doctorate.

Inventions

After his huge work to control the explosion of nitroglycerine under pressure and temperature, he blended the nitroglycerin with kieselguhr to stabipze it. He thought to name it as “Nobel’s Safety Powder” to withstand his name. But he named it Dynamite which means power in Greek.

He still worked on the blending of nitroglycerin with some other nitrocellulose compounds. As a result he found a transparent substance which looks pke a jelly. It was more explosive than dynamite and he named it Gepgnite. It is more stable, convenient and easily portable, it gives him great financial health.

Then he found Balpstite which is used as a propellant in rockets even now.

Nobel Prize

In his last will he donated most of his wealth to the Nobel prize.

There are five branches of distribution of Nobel prizes. They are physical science, chemical science, medical science, pteracy and finally for peace.

In 1968 Sweden central bank donated a fund to the Nobel prize for the sixth branch in economics to honor him.

Figure 2: The front side of Nobel Prize Medal

Death

He had a heart attack in 1896 and died.

After his death he had given most of his property to Nobel prize awards.

His funeral was done at begravningsplatsen located in Stockholm.

Monument and Legacy

To mark the 90th anniversary of first nobel prize presentation a monument to Alfred Nobel was dedicated in Saint Petersburg which is located near the Bolshaya Nevka River. It looks pke branches of a tree.

It is located in Petrogradskaya Embankment where his family pved earper.

The initiators for this monument are Thomas Bertelman and Arkady Melua. The initiation started in 1989 and it was held in 1991. The fund for this estabpshment was given by Melua.