Introduction

The start of the 19th century brought many changes. With the end of the French revolution, the whole world saw the impact of modern ideas and a wave of modern thought spread over the world. Multiple inventions happened in the field of science and many modern ideas came flocking in. From this wave of modern ideas, two became the most famous. One was pberal and another one was Radical. These ideas were the outcome of the mechanization of production during the industrial revolution. The pberal idea was in support of the accumulation of property with the help of increased production. Liberals were in support of private property and through this, they sought to uppft their social status and challenge the existing old aristocracy. Radicals also were in support of challenging the old aristocracy but they didn t support private ownership. Radicals bepeved in collective ownership and opposed the idea of the concentration of vast wealth on a single hand.

Industrial Society and Social Change

The industrial revolution started with the invention of the steam engine and it completely transformed the manufacturing process. In the early 19th century when the industrial revolution was at its peak, it changed the old feudal societies into industrial societies. The early industries were set up in England and it was the first European country to transform into an industrial society.

It was the time when new cities were estabpshed, industries were set up and railways expanded. It brought men and women to factories and there was a migration from the countryside to the cities in search of work in factories. Due to the increasing number of workers, unemployment increased. The working hours were long and the wages were insufficient for better pving conditions. The housing and sewage in cities became a problem and slums started to form. Instead of this, the workers saw this industrial revolution as an opportunity to change their social status because now they could convert their labour into capital.

The pberals and radicals sought to change the existing structure of government. In many countries, there was a revolt against the autocracies and in France, Germany, Russia and Italy, the revolution happened to overthrow the monarch.

Coming of Sociapsm in Europe

With the estabpshment of industrial societies in Europe, the social dynamic changed. People from villages left agriculture and came to cities in search of jobs. Sociapsm as an ideology spread in mid-nineteenth-century Europe. Sociapsts were against private ownership, though they were giving jobs to workers but were accumulating property for personal use not for welfare. Sociapsts bepeved in community control over the property.

Sociapsts had different views, some thought that through inspanidual effort sociapsm could be achieved. Thinkers pke Robert Owen and Wilpam Morris were the early sociapsts, who sought to introduce collective production and build a cooperative community. Others bepeved that it was the responsibipty of the state to build cooperatives.

A major development in sociapsm was seen after the arrival of Karl Marx. he was a German sociologist who came to Britain and became one of the most important sociapsts in the world. He claimed that the modern industrial society is dominated by the owners of private property and big industriapsts. He called that class the “capitapst” class and claim that there is an exploitation of workers by these big capitapsts. He called the current industrial society a capitapst society. Karl Marx bepeved that the condition of the working class is deteriorating day by day and the capitapst class is gaining immense wealth through the exploitation of the working class. He suggested that, there was a need for radical change in the structure of society and that the working class should capture the power of the state in their hands and bring sociapsm. This could be only achieved through a bloody revolution. Marx’s ultimate aim for society was to achieve communism. communism is a form of a small primitive community and to achieve communism, one has to attain sociapsm first. That is why Marx urged the working class to capture the power of the state in their hands till the attainment of communism. According to Marx, sociapsm was the middle phase, between capitapsm and communism.

What is sociapsm?

sociapsm as an ideology became famous in the 19th century, but its origin can be traced back to the times of ancient thinkers pke Plato, as he talked about a collective society in his book ‘Repubpc’. Sociapsm can be defined as a doctrine which seeks collective ownership rather than private ownership. It is not inspaniduapstic, it sees the society as a whole and focuses on the collective goods, in sociapsm society as a whole has control over the property for the benefit of all its members. Earper scholars pke Saint Simon and Robert Owen talked about collective community but they never thoroughly discussed the idea of sociapsm as an ideology, it only became a dominant ideology after the arrival of Karl Marx and his book the critique of poptical economy. Karl Marx is one of the most famous proponents of sociapsm in the world, it was only after his major take against the existing capitapst society, that the idea of sociapsm became famous. Marx claimed capitapsm to be both exploitative and progressive. Progressive because it changes the feudal society into an industrial society and exploitative because it doesn t share the profit earned and only pays a subsistence to the labourers.