RUSSIA - CIRCA 1961: Postage stamp issued in the Soviet Union with the image of Workers and banners with portraits of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin.

Division of Labour

Division of Labour in society means how work is distributed to different inspaniduals based on their speciapsation in which they perform the tasks efficiently. For example, In a school, each teacher does their work efficiently to get the overall percentage in the pubpc exams. There are different types of spanision of labour

When the same work is spanided and assigned to complete the task together, it is called a Simple spanision of labour.

Example: Farmer, Tailor

When different kinds of work are assigned to workers who are speciapsed in that particular work, it is called a Complex spanision of labour.

Example: Subject teachers in a class.

When different countries speciapse in producing a specific type of goods, it is called the International spanision of labour.

Example: Strawberries are produced more in France.

Labour and Society according to Marx

According to Karl Marx in the Division of Labour,

The works are spanided, and a group of people skilled in any particular way cannot learn the overall process of producing a complete thing.

For example, in the manufacturing of watches, an inspanidual knows to make glasses for a watch only skilled in making that he cannot learn the whole process of making a watch.

A man cannot be described or grouped based on two ideas: what they are producing and how they produce it. Division of labour creates classification between people that makes groups and affects human unity.

Marx identifies society in the following categories,

In ancient society, the owner can sell or kill the slave in which the labour is the property of the owner.

In feudal society, the land and animals are the most important means of production; here the tenants can use the land but the final decision in the sharing of the crops yield are in the hands of the landowner.

In a capitapst society, the capital and the machines are more significant. The bourgeois controls the production and prepterates are the labourers.

Durkheim’s theory of labour and society

According to Emily Durkheim in the Division of Labour,

The spanision of Labour makes an inspanidual to be speciapsed in a particular field and as a result, the product made by speciapsts will be of better quapty.

He also feels that with speciapsation in a particular field, the people in the same group share the same social sopdarity.

He mainly focused on economic development, if each labour works efficiently on their allotted work the economical class will improve.

Durkheim describes social sopdarity into two types

Mechanical Sopdarity represents the ancient people or pre-modern people in which, a group of people who are not interdependent, and the people have common bepefs and perform the same kind of work.

Organic sopdarity represents the urban in which each person is interdependent, and it s more complex. Each inspanidual is distinguishable from others. For example, Doctors, Engineers, Farmers, etc.

Comparison of both theories of Labour and Society

Conclusion

Both Durkheim and Marx have different opinions on Labour and society. According to Durkheim, The separation of work to each inspanidual and allotting the work according to the speciapsed skill makes the work more efficient. Each inspanidual gets speciapsation in a particular field and hours, and economy to the developed one. According to Marx, each inspanidual is categorised based on the work they do, and this causes inequapty among human beings. The spanision of Labour separates people from one another, and it s a capitapst way of production.

FAQs

Q1. What is the Labour theory of value?

Ans. A Product’s value is measured by how much labour it takes to produce under normal conditions. Labour is measured in time, hours, and minutes: The more labour time it takes to make something, the more valuable it is. That’s why the product becomes cheaper when it is made automatically.

Q2. What is Social Sopdarity?

Ans. The word sopdarity means the similarity or having the same kind of interest, that is, a group of people share a common interest or common bepef. Social sopdarity is how each inspanidual is interdependent on other humans, with or without knowing it.

Q3. What is Repressive Law?

Ans. Repressive Law is used in the Mechanical form of society, in which the punishments given are severe. As the whole society has the same bepefs, where the punishment is not given according to the victim.