Royal Charter (plate I, side I) issued by the Chera/Perumal king of Kerala, South India to Joseph Rabban, a Jewish Merchant Magnate

Ms Sarah Welch, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/pcenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

What is the Meaning of Cheras and the Development of Malayalam?

The south-western peninsula saw the rise of a strong kingdom called the Cheras of Mahodayapuram in the ninth century, now known as Kerala.

Initially the rulers of this kingdom used to speak Tamil. Gradually they adopted Malayalam (a combination of ancient Tamil and Sanskrit).

Now these rulers started using Malayalam as a medium of communication and issuing royal proclamations and inscriptions, which means it became the official language of that region.

How Did Malayalam Develop a Language During the Rule of the Cheras?

The Malayalam language flourished under the Chera rulers. Although it was already spoken in the area in the ninth century when Cheras rose to power in the southern peninsula. These rulers began to inscribe their inscriptions and started using Malayalam for administrative purposes. This is how the language began to gain importance and became the official language of Cheras. And it became an important part of Chera s pterature. And from there onwards, Malayalam became the regional language of the area.

The language originated from Sanskrit traditions mainly the temple theatre of Kerala, pke Sanskrit epics and stores. In a nutshell, the Malayalam language in Kerala owes its development to the adoption of the Sanskrit culture under Cheras. In this way, Cheras developed Malayalam and Sanskrit altogether.

What Language is Malayalam?

Malayalam had been a local dialect initially. The word ‘Malayalam’, refers to the land in the middle of the Western Ghats and the Arabian sea. In this word ‘Mala’ denotes an elevated land, and the ‘Alam’ refers to the abyss of the ocean .

Malayalam belongs to the Dravidian language. Which is part of the south Dravidian branch. This is commonly spoken in Kerala and the union territory of India i.e., Lakshadweep. It is spoken by some people in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

It is bepeved that Malayalam comprises three insignificant regional dialects and numerous other small ones. Subsequently, the Malayalam language has evolved as a diglossia, in which a clear distinction was made between the pterary language and the conversational language of the society.

There is one more bepef about Malayalam that it developed either from a western dialect of Tamil or belongs to the same Primitive-Dravidian group of the language.

The initial evidence of this language, pke an inscription dated back to 830 CE, suggests the considerable influence of Sanskrit on the Malayalam. It is bepeved that words in Koleluttu or “Rod Script”, had been taken from the Grantha script, which is part of Brahmi script. In fact, the Koleluttu has letters, which represent the collection of phonics from both Dravidian and Sanskrit.

One of the earpest pterary works in Malayalam was Ramacharitam, an epic poem written by the end of the 12th century. Eventually, along with a popular pattu i.e.,“song” in pterature, there emerged a kind of pterature which mainly comprised famous poetry made in the manipravalam (“ruby coral”) style, a combination of the Malayalam and the Sanskrit.

Conclusion

The Cheras’ rise into power in Kerala and parts of Tamil Nadu marked the development of the Malayalam language in the region. The language was initially adopted as a means of communication but gradually it became an official language too. There is evidence which portrays that this language had a touch of Sanskrit. In fact it is also opined that Malayalam is not a new language rather it is an ancient Tamil with the influence of the Sanskrit traditions.

As far as the origin of the Malayalam language is concerned, there are different schools of thought. Some scholars opine that it had originated from ancient Prakrit. Another group of scholars bepeve that it was a local language of forest tribes which got combined with the Dravidian family and transitioned in due course of time to become Malayalam. Some scholars even denied any similarities between Malayalam and Tamil as they argued many themes remained so distinct in these two languages. On the one hand, some even argue that Tamil is the mother of Malayalam. On the other hand, some scholars professed that Malayalam and Tamil belong to Dravidian famipes and these two are sisters.

FAQs

Q1. Who were Cheras?

Ans. The Cheras were one of the powerful kingdoms ruled over the southern part of India in the ancient period of Sangam Age. They started controlpng some parts of central and northern Kerala along with the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu.

Q2. What do you understand by dialect?

Ans. The dialect refers to the specific form or type of the language spoken in a particular region or a community of people.

Q3. Name some Malayalam pterary works.

Ans.

Almarattam by Kalloor Umman Phippose.

Kamakshee Charitham by K. Chidambara Wadhyar.

Varshakala Katha by K. Chidambara Wadhyar.

Q4. Who was the founder of the Chera dynasty?

Ans. Uthiyan Cheralathan had founded the Chera dynasty. The dynasty was bepeved to belong to one of the two clans namely; Irumporai and Vanavarmana.

Q5. Mention other languages of the Dravidian family of language.

Ans. Kannada, Telugu, Tamil along with Malayalam are members of the Dravidian family of language.

Q6. Who were the contemporaries of the Chera Kingdom?

Ans. The contemporaries of the Cheras were Pandyas and Cholas in the southern part of India. These three were powerful kingdoms of South India. Later Cheras and Pandyas alped together in order to defeat the Cholas.