- Warfare for Wealth
- Vedic life in India
- Vedic Age
- Varna system
- Vajji
- Upanishads
- Trade and traders
- The Wise Beggar- Upanishad
- The Value of Paper
- The system of Ashrams
- The study of skeletons
- Gautama Buddha
- The story of Kisagotami
- The Story of Baryga
- The spread of Buddhism
- The Silk Route
- The Second Urbanisation
- The sangha
- The iron pillar
- The beginning of Bhakti
- The “achievements” of Nagabhata
- Six Schools of Indian Philosophy
- Samudragupta the warrior
- Oracle bones
- New Social and Political Groups traces from history
- New kingdoms along the coasts
- New and Old Terminologies used in History
- Monasteries
- Men as RULERS and KINGS
- Literature, art and books
- Legacy and Decline of the Gupta Empire
- Janapadas, Mahajanapadas
- Jainism
- Irrigation and villages during Ashoka
- Iron tools and agriculture in ancient India
- Inamgaon
- Harshavardhana and the Harshacharita
- Graves and Burials
- Early humans in INDIA (Locate)
- Ashoka’s war in Kalinga
- Ashoka’s inscription describing the Kalinga war
- Ashoka’s dhamma?
- Ashoka (a unique ruler)
- Arikamedu
- Archaeological evidences ?
- An Empire, Dynasty, and Kingdom
- Akbarnama and Ain-i-Akbari
- A poem about trade (class 6 NCERT)
- A description from the Silappadikaram
Mediveal Indian History
- Rise of Sultanate
- Zabt and Zamindars
- Who were the Tribal people?
- Who were the Mughals?
- The Watan Jagirs
- The tradition of Miniatures
- The three orders of Society
- The Rulers of Delhi
- The Reformation and Martin Luther
- The Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century
- The Maratha Kingdom-Shivaji
- The Jats (1680)
- The Idea of Supreme God in Ancient India
- The Gonds- A Closer Look
- The circle of justice: What Minhaj–Siraj thought about Raziyya
- The Ahoms from Brahmaputra Valley
- The “lost wax” technique
- Temple towns and Pilgrimage centres (Thanjavur)
- Taxes on markets, Traders Big and Small
- Religion in India After the 13th Century
- Provincial Kingdoms of Medieval India
- PIRS and temples
- Sultan Muhammad Tughluq
- Officers’ List in Mughal Empire
- Nathpanthis, Siddhas, and Yogis - the religious groups
- Mughal Relations with Other Rulers
- Mughal Military Campaigns
- Mughal marriages with the Rajputs
- Mughal Empire [Babur, Humayun] & Sur Dynasty
- Mughal Empire – Babur
- Mughal Emperors, Mughal Traditions of Succession
- Mansabdars and Jagirdars
- Mamluk Dynasty
- List of Officers in Delhi Sultanate
- Later Mughals & Decline of Mughal Empire
- Khilji Dynasty
- Kathak- Heroic tradition
- Jagannatha Cult-Indian Tradition
- Islam and Sufism
- India under the Mughals
- Humayun (1530-1556)
- Heroism and Rajputs
- Gardens, tombs and forts during the Mughals
- From Garrison Town to Empire: The Expansion of the Delhi Sultanate
- FISH as food
- Early Medieval Southern India (Imperial Cholas)
- Early Medieval Northern India
- Chieftains and their fortifications
- Cheras and Malayalam Language
- Bhakti Movement (8th to 18th Century)
- Baba Guru Nanak
- Arab and Turkish Invasions
- Akbar Successors
- Akbar (1556-1605)
- Administration under the Delhi Sultanate
- A Closer Look: The Cholas
- A Closer Look: Administration and Consolidation under the Khaljis and Tughluqs
Modern India History
- What Happened to the Court Artists?
- Freedom is our Birth Right
- Classical dances in India
- Why the Demand for Indian Indigo?
- What Happened to the Local Schools?
- Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age
- Tipu Sultan- The Tiger of Mysore
- The sword of Tipu Sultan and Wootz steel
- The Emergence of Nationalism
- Social Customs in the early 19th century
- The Rise of Gandhi in Indian Freedom Struggle
- The Regulating Act of 1773
- The Permanent Settlement of Bengal
- The Lucknow Pact, 1916
- The Government of India Act 1919
- The Charter Act 1853
- Subsidiary Alliance
- Revolutionaries in the Indian Freedom Movement
- Revolt of 1857 – First War of Independence Against British
- Popular Uprisings in the 18th and 19th Centuries -Politico-Religious Movements
- Popular uprisings against the British by deposed Chieftains and Landlords
- Poona Pact
- Pitt’s India Act, 1784
- Peasant Movements in the 19th Century – Rangpur Dhing
- Peasant Movements in the 19th Century – Indigo Rebellion
- Peasant Movements in the 19th Century – Deccan Riots of 1875
- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan – Early Years, Partition, Arrest and Exile
- Indian National Movement – Extremist Period
- Indian National Congress Sessions
- Indian National Army (INA)/Azad Hind Fauj
- Indian Independence Act 1947
- Indian Councils Act 1892
- Indian Councils Act 1861
- India’s Struggle for Independence – Nana Saheb
- Important Indian Freedom Fighters - Lala Lajpat Rai
- Home Rule Movement
- Government of India Act 1935
- Government of India Act 1858
- Gandhi-Irwin Pact
- Dr. B R Ambedkar
- The Doctrine of Lapse
- Charter Act of 1833
- Charter Act of 1813
- Charter Act of 1793
- Causes of the Rise of the Indian National Movement
- Cabinet Mission
- C R Formula or Rajaji Formula (1944)
- Bhagat Singh – Background, Contributions, Execution
- Battle of Plassey
- Battle of Buxar
- Bardoli Satyagraha
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- August Offer
World History
- Athanaric
- Atahualpa
- Asuka Period
- Astarte
- Aspasia of Miletus
- Artemisia I of Caria
- Artemis
- Artaxiad Dynasty
- Artaxerxes I
- Artashat
- Arslan Tash Amulet
- French Anti Slavery Pamphlet
- Apartheid- Elaborate on the end of the system.
- Boston Tea Party and the Boston Massacre.
- Great Wall of China and its convict-built protection.
- Ancient Egypt-Concept of life and death
- Nuclear Arms Race-Post World War II
- Witch hunts and the Catholic Church.
- Communities of the Caribbean and Brazil
- Korean Democracy and IMF Crisis
- Korean War
- Establishing Democracy in China: 1949-65
- Rise of the Communist Party of China
- Civil wars of China
- Opium Wars
- The Meiji Restoration
- The Political System of Japan
- Ancient civilization and the use of weapons.
- Spain and Britain-Battle of the sea
- The Nagasaki Events and Hiroshima.
- Crusades and religions
- The decline of Feudalism
- Unification of Italy and Europe
- The age of Imperialism (1870-1914)
- The American Revolutionary War and its impact
- The emergence of the USA
- League of Nations
- How did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution?
- Post-Lenin Russia
- Soviet Union (USSR)
- Rise of Fascism in Italy & Nazism in Germany
- Decolonization Phase After World War II
- Aftermath & Analysis of World War II
- Causes & Course of World War II
- Democratic reforms in the Middle East
- Arab nationalism
- Israel and Palestine
- Cold War: Impact on India
- Integration of Europe post-Cold War
- Rise of global Islamic terrorism
- Rise of China
- Marxian Communism
- Communism (concept, types, example)
- Criticisms of Capitalism
- History of Capitalism
- Capitalism (concept, types, and example)
- The attitude towards women during the early 19th Century
- The agenda for national education
- Reign of Mongols
- The Changing World of Visual arts
- Age of Social Change in Europe
- Urbanism in Mesopotamian Civilization
- The Umayyads
- The Rise of Islam in Arabia
- The Caliphate system
- The Abolition of Slavery in French Colonies
- The Abbasid Revolution
- Socialism in Europe
- Russian Society before the revolution
- Roman Empire
- Women, Caste and Reform
- Prehistory
- Pastoralists in the Plateaus, Plains and Deserts
- Pastoralists in the mountain ranges
- Pastoralism in Africa
- Modernization in Korea
- Modernisation in Japan
- Modernization in China
- Mesopotamia and its Geography
- Industrial revolution in Britain
- Importance of History
- Hunter-Gatherers in Africa
- Humanism
- Genghis Khan
- French society in the 18th century
- French revolution
- France becomes a republic
- Feudalism
- Features of Mesopotamian Civilization
- Evolution of man
- Evolution of human beings
- Effects of colonial rule
- Early humans and their lifestyle
- Early humans and the making of tools
- Cultural changes in Europe
- Chronology BC and CE
- Cave paintings (France)
- Administration in France after the revolution
Civics
- Role of the Government in Health : Healthcare in India
- Urban Livelihoods
- Rural Livelihoods
- Rural Administration
- Panchayati Raj
- Elements of a Democratic Government
- The Government
- Diversity and discrimination
Anthropology
- Reflexivity
- Shamanism
- Ethnography
- Marriage payments : bride wealth and dowry
- Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive)
- Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo)
- Marriage: Definition and universality
- Social stratification
- Ethnocentrism
- Rhodesian man
- Neanderthal Man- La-Chapelle-aux-saints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type).
- Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes
- Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates
- Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy
- Characteristics of Primates
- Linguistic Anthropology.
- Archaeological Anthropology
- Biological Anthropology
- Social-cultural Anthropology
Sociology
- Sociological Network
- Objectivity and Reflexivity in Social Science
- Indian Sociological Thinkers
- Post Modernism, Post Structuralism and Post Colonialism
- Hermeneutic and Interpretative Traditions
- Parenting in LGBT families
- Intergenerational marriage
- Mass media harassment
- Character representation in Kids’ cartoons
- Online dating; the positive and negative effects
- How the social media aided the “black lives matter” campaign
- Eco feminism
- Tribal communities in India
- The idea of Indian village and village studies.
- Modernization of Indian tradition.
- Education and social change.
- Agents of social change.
- Sociological theories of social change.
- Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.
- Systems of Kinship
- Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults
- Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups, and political parties.
- Labour and society
- Formal and informal organization of work
- Social organization
- Social mobility
- Theories of social stratification
Performing Arts
- Odissi Dance
- Indian Classical Music – Hindustani
- Dhvani Siddhanta’ of Anandavardhanacharya
- Rasa and its constituent elements
- Sri Shankuka
- Bhatta Lollata
- Rasa Sutra of Bharata
- Nayaka–Nayika Bheda
- Natya, nritta and nritya
- Indian Classical Theatre
- Bharata’s Natyashastra
- Shilappadikaram: In terms of content, characters, and relevance to Indian Theatrical Practice
- Mahabharata: In terms of content, characters, and relevance to Indian Theatrical Practice
- Ramayana: In terms of content, characters, and relevance to Indian Theatrical Practice
- Cultural History of India
Biographies
- Benjamin Franklin
- Benazir Bhutto (1953 – 2007) Prime Minister of Pakistan 1993 – 1996
- Oprah Winfrey (1954 – ) American TV presenter, actress, entrepreneur
- Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827) German composer
- Lyndon Johnson (1908 – 1973) US President 1963 – 1969
- Rosa Parks (1913 – 2005) American civil rights activist
- Pope Francis (1936 – ) First pope from the Americas
- Queen Victoria ( 1819 – 1901) British monarch 1837 – 1901
- Paul McCartney (1942 – ) British musician, member of Beatles
- Winston Churchill (1874 – 1965) British Prime Minister during WWII
- Muhammad Ali (1942 – 2016) American Boxer and civil rights campaigner
- Bill Gates (1955 – ) American businessman, founder of Microsoft
- Donald Trump (1946 – ) Businessman, US President
- John F. Kennedy (1917 – 1963) US President 1961 – 1963
- Marilyn Monroe (1926 – 1962) American actress, singer, model
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519) Italian, painter, scientist, polymath
- Walt Disney
- Lata Mangeshkar
- Indira Gandhi
- Jawahar Lal Nehru
- Babur
- Aristotle
- Galileo Galilei
- Enid Blyton
- Christopher Columbus
- Simon Bolivar
- Stephen Hawking
- Sir Isaac Newton
- Alfred Nobel
- Marie Curie
- Alexander Fleming
- Charles Darwin
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
- M.K. Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi)
- Socrates
- George Washington
- Benito Mussolini
- Adolf Hitler
- Abraham Lincoln
- Martin Luther King
- William Shakespeare
- Mikhail Gorbachev
- Thomas Jefferson
- Margaret Mead
- Robert K. Merton
- Talcott Parsons
- Emile Durkheim
- Karl Marx
History of Art
- Mycenaean Culture & Art: History & Influence:
- Amarna Period: Definition & Art:
- The Luxor Temple in Egypt: Facts & Overview
- Queen Hatshepsut: Facts, Accomplishments & Death
- Ancient Egyptian Sculptures & Paintings: Innovation & Examples
- Egyptian Pyramids: Definition, Facts & Structure:
- Funerary Beliefs, Practices & Temples in Ancient Egypt:
- The Pharaohs as Patrons of the Arts
- Ancient Egyptian Art & Architecture: History, Politics & Culture:
- Assyrian Art and Architecture
- Art of the Babylonians: Style, Examples & Achievements
- Mesopotamian Art During the Akkadian Dynasty & Neo-Sumerian Period
- Sumerian Art and Architecture
- Human & Animal Forms in the Art of the Ancient Near East:
- Representation of Spiritual Beliefs in the Art of the Ancient Near East
- Artworks of the Ancient Near East: Materials, Forms & Functions
- Use of Naturalism & Stylization in Mesopotamian Art
- Art of the Ancient Near East: Periods & Characteristics:
- Mesopotamia: Culture, Facts & History:
- Art in the Neolithic Era: Innovations, Characteristics & Examples
- Cave Painting: History & Pictures:
- Art in the Upper Paleolithic Era: Examples & Style
- What Is a Medium in Art: Definition & Terms
- What is Western Civilization? - Definition & Overview
- Why do Humans Make Art? - History & Value
- What is Art History? - Definition & Overview
Introduction
China has seen substantial transformation in the nineteenth century, as well as a more recent phase of fast modernisation that began in the 1980s. Appropriately,, there have been notable social, cultural, and economic changes that have an impact on Chinese people s daily pfe.
Modernization is a necessary and universal process with a long history. Additionally, technological and economic modernization are required of nations that seek to adjust to external conditions and strive for high levels of development in order to be competitive on the global arena. The danger to China s independence in the late 19th century had an impact on external forces, which made it clear that new technology needed to be imported before new economic, social and poptical institutions could be introduced to Chinese society.
Modernization of China
China is undergoing profound, progressive changes in its society, poptics, economics, and culture. These changes signify the improvement of an existing system, not the overthrow of an existing regime. The Chinese miracle was meant to astound the world only under stable conditions. Today, it is evident that China s modernization is a dynamic, intricate, uneven, and lengthy process. We generally spanide modernisation of Chinese society into three stages: early, revolutionary, and deformational. Specific objectives, difficulties, and restrictions were described for each stage.
At the initial stage, achieving National Independence was the main objective.
The second one involves looking for new state system configurations, national economic recovery, industriapzation, and development of a new identity (Mao).
What Caused Modernization in China?
The Qing dynasty, who were in power at the time and ruled a 2000-year-old empire, began to fall apart, and this sparked China s march for modernity. Midway through the 19th century, when imperiapst Western forces were seeking to expand trade with nations in the East, the Qing dynasty suffered its first significant setback.
The Empire of Great Qing
TRAJAN 117, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/pcenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
What is The Modernization Process?
The traditional Chinese style of thinking underwent substantial modification as a result of modernization processes.
First, conservatism was a hallmark of old agrarian culture. However, trends pke globapzation, marketization, and information technology are compelpng people in contemporary society to look to the future, set new goals, and attain them.
The coordination, harmonization and integration of various interests are given increasing focus in modern Chinese society as the importance of the "inspanidual" rises. In the old society, the "collective" was evaluated more than the "inspanidual.
" Third, Chinese society is raising its members with analytical and critical spirits thanks to the influence of modern science.
What are The 4 Stages of Modernization?
If there was a national consensus in China, it was centred on the dedication to the Four Modernizations −
National defense,
Industry,
Research, and
Agriculture
The Four Modernizations were implemented in 1977 to revive China s economy in the wake of Mao Zedong s passing; they later became one of the defining characteristics of Deng Xiaoping s reign as China s supreme leader.
Deng Xiaoping
Acroterion, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/pcenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Deng further advanced the concept of "xiaokang," or "Moderately Prosperous Society," at the outset of "Reform and Opening-up" in 1979.
Premier Zhou Enlai of China (in office from 1949 until his death in 1976) first proposed the Four Modernizations in December 1964, but they were not immediately put into practice because Mao Zedong s Cultural Revolution (1966– 1966) ideology gained precedence.
At the Fourth National People s Congress in 1975, Zhou reintroduced them, and Deng Xiaoping, who was deputy premier at the time, backed them. However, the government did not give the Four Modernizations priority until after Mao s passing in September 1976 and the subsequent persecution of the Gang of Four, a group of party officials who had opposed the Four Modernizations.
What are The Advantages of Modernization?
The enhancement of social services, raising the cultural level of the rural people, and raising the income level to that of urban residents are all examples of infrastructure development.
Without an education that prepares people to be "modern people," society cannot truly modernize.
Architect of the advancements, reforms, and revolutions in science and technology.
Human intervention, active labour, or innovation.
What is an Example of Modernization Theory?
The Economic Stages of Growth by Rostow is one illustration of a modernization theory. According to this paradigm, a country must pass through five stages before being completely developed.Based on economic activities, Rostow s classic Stages of Economic Growth, which was pubpshed in 1960, was built on these ideas. Five stages of development were recognized for all countries, including −
Traditional society
Preconditions to take-off
Take-off
Drive to maturity
Age of high mass consumption.
Conclusion
The Qing dynasty, who were in power at the time and ruled a 2000-year-old empire, began to fall apart, and this sparked China s march for modernity. Midway through the 19th century, when imperiapst Western forces were seeking to expand trade and influence with nations in the East, the Qing dynasty suffered its first significant setback. China is undergoing profound, progressive changes in its society, poptics, economics, and culture. These changes signify the reform of an existing mode, not the overthrow of an existing regime. The Chinese miracle was only able to astound the world if stabipty was maintained. Today, it is evident that China s modernization is a dynamic, intricate, uneven, and lengthy process.
FAQs
Q1. How did Mao change China s economy?
Ans. Mao served as the party s leader in China. Mao started a broad campaign to collectivize the economy. Before Mao s Long March, a small number of warlords ruled China. Mao began the sociapst education movement and started the cultural revolution, a campaign to eradicate counterrevolutionary elements from Chinese society. The fields and the factories were nationapzed.
Q2. What is a physical contest between China and Japan?
Ans. Japan is a collection of islands, whereas China is a sizable continental nation. While Japan is an earthquake-prone nation, China has stable landforms. While Japan lacks a similar drainage system, China has three river systems. China has a spanerse population, including Uighur, Hui, Manchu, and Tibetan, however the majority of the population in Japan is Japanese.
Q3. What kind of regional variation is present in Chinese cuisine?
Ans. Chinese food is in variety. Cantonese cuisine, staple foods pke wheat, fiery cuisine, and rice and wheat are the four main categories of food.
Q4. Who has claimed credit for modernizing China?
Ans. Mao Zedong and Sun-Yat-Sen. Liang Qichao and Kan Youwei. Kan Youwei offered new interpretations on well-known ideas. The first repubpc, estabpshed by Sun-Yat-Sen, maintains a balance between western and Japanese traditions. Mao Zedong fought to put an end to inquiries and foreign rule. He was the outstanding leader of the C.C.P.
Q5. What impact has modernisation had on society?
Ans. As societies become more modern, the inspanidual becomes further sustainable, continuously replacing the family, community, or professional group as society s basic unit. Institutions, which promote a higher level of speciapzation, also use the spanision of labor, a hallmark of industriapsation.