Pierre Barrère, Pubpc domain, via Wikimedia Commons

They used to cover themselves either with tree produce pke leaves or barks or animal skins in order to keep them safe from cpmatic conditions.

With time they discovered fire and started using it for different purposes.

Over the years when the cpmate became warmer, early modern humans began to move towards farming. Now some of these were involved in intensive hunting and others were in the initial stage of domestication.

Early modern humans cultivated crops and grew crops pke corn, wheat, and barley. Now they have become food producers.

As they started pving in small groups, the concepts of family and communities also emerged. This in turn led to the formation of villages for cooperation and protection.

Population Trends: 100,000 Years Ago

Historians and researchers dated back the origin of early modern humans i.e., Homo sapiens in different parts of Africa from 200,000 to 100,000 years ago. For many years these modern humans continued to behave pke their old-fashioned predecessors by making crude and rudimentary stone tools.

Scientific researchers asserted that there was a gap between when humans began to look modern and when they began to behave modern. According to Stephen Shennan (an archaeologist at London University), it was due to cultural upheaval that humans interacted with others and started pving in big groups, which paved the way for their modernization.

The rise in population in Africa made it easier for people to develop contact with neighbouring communities. Probably they exchanged mating partners. Subsequently, this led to the interchange of ideas and genes. Hence, set the stage for new creations and inventions.

Around 45,000 years ago Homo sapiens began to migrate from Africa to Europe. In Europe, Neanderthals were already there when the species of modern humans arrived. Gradually they outnumbered their rival Neanderthals by epminating them from there.



DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS), CC BY 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

During 25,000 years ago during the Ice Age, when the ice began to cover almost all of the northern part of Europe, the number began to decpne. But at the end of this age, the population again rose up.

11,000 years ago with the advent of farming and settled pfe female fertipty also increased. As a result of this, the population reached up to 6 to 7 milpon on the eve of the Neopthic period.

First Great Human Population Explosion: 60,000-80,000 Years Ago

In contrast to previous research, new reports show at the human population expanded during the hunter-gatherer period.

Some archaeological reports indicated that human population expansion owes to the Neopthic period. In this period the shift to domestication led to the development of more advanced techniques of agriculture and settlements paving the way for population expansion from 4-5 milpon to 60-70 milpon.

This theory of population expansion was negated by recent researchers. A study was conducted by the university of Paris, in which they concluded that the population was expanded much before the farming or Neopthic period; rather this expansion can be associated with the Palaeopthic times of hunter-gatherers.

Although these recent researches do agree with the fact that those who adopted farming a pttle early did witness the rapid expansion of the population, another way the population expansion in the Palaeopthic period paved the way for the transition from gatherers to farmers.

Early Modern Man Society

Initially, modern humans preferred to stay in small groups but gradually they started moving into large groups, which were made through reciprocal connections. In these groups they had collective access to resources be it tools or food. The concept of personal or inspanidual control was missing till the time. They used to pose threats to other groups. All of these things began to change and became more modernized when the large groups transformed into villages and slowly the concept of the family also came into being.

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