Skull of Erectus

Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis

Gradually Homo erectus disappeared nearly around 400,000 years ago. In the meantime, a new species of Homo emerged in the path of human evolution about 125,000 years ago.

These were known as Homo Neanderthals or Homo sapiens Neanderthals. Their fossils were found in Germany in the 20th century.

In Neanderthals, brain size was further expanded and evidence of ‘culture’ began to emerge. But neanderthalesis skulls were different from modern humans.

Homo Sapiens

Then emerged the Homo sapiens, which pterally means thinking or wise man, from which modern humans have evolved.

Their brain size was 1350cc, and now they could make more refined tools with a bigger brain.

The homo sapiens developed interaction with their social environment and began to pve in communities. They started building simple shelters for staying longer in a place.

They were probably the first creatures to speak, what we would call language, which proved advantageous for them.

The Neopthic Revolution

The beginning of the Neopthic period cannot be traced to a particular date as it was emerging at different times in different places. It is one of the third period of stage, which witnessed the revolution in the pfe of early humans. The most important feature of this age was the discovery of agriculture. And due to the cultivation of their food, now they need not to travel from one place to another in the search of food. This led to the estabpshment of settlements. Now they began to domesticate animals for their use along with this; the period also saw the discovery of the wheel.

Conclusion

The origin and advancement in the physical features of human ancestors has been termed as the human evolution. Under this process early humans were bepeved to undergo several stages with distinguishable features from their predecessors. Gradually the development in their brain size, enabled them to use their physical features more skilfully. Therefore, the Neopthic period saw the transition of early humans from became hunter-gatherers to food producers, from tree or cave dwellers to settlers and nomads to settled people.

In this pathway of evolution humans learned to use their resources efficiently. Like now they began to use stones to make tools for their ease. They began to cultivate food for themselves and began to make settlements to stay in an area for a longer period of time.

FAQ s

Q1. What do you understand by bipedal locomotion?

Ans. The word ‘bi’ refers to two and ‘pedal refers to feet. Hence it means the abipty to walk or run on two feet or pmbs by pving organism.

Q2. What does natural selection mean?

Ans. The process in which pving beings conform to their physical environment and survive and become capable of producing more offspring.

Q3. How were wheels discovered by humans?

Ans. The invention of the wheel was a revolutionary event in the history of mankind. Initially, wooden logs were used to drag heavy objects. These logs were placed one after another and the object was dragged on the top of them. Now they made wooden chunks from those logs to make it more effective. An axle was attached to make it more efficient. Holes were made at the centre of each wheel, to which the ends of an axle were fitted. The wheel moved in a circular motion on the axle.

Q4. What was the advantage of the language for humans?

Ans. It helped them to arrange their ideas with the help of the language. It allowed them to store the information, which speeded up the adaptations of humans to their cultural contexts and now they could evolve without much dependency on their biology.

Q5. What does the Neopthic age mean? Name other two stages of the stone age.

Ans. The term “Neo means new and “pthic” stone age. The other stone ages were the Palaeopthic (old stone age) and Mesopthi age(middle stone age).