Human biology
Difference between
Cell
Energy, Enzymes and membrane
Plant
Botanical Name
Biodiversity
Symptoms, diseases
Causes
Other Topics
Bio Articles (Alphabetic order)
- Blood Circulatory System
- Blood
- Bones of The Legs
- Bones of The Foot
- Bones of The Ankle
- Bones of Pelvis
- Blood Groups
- Scientific Name of Human Being
- Largest Organ In Human Body
- Largest Internal Organ in The Human Body
- Human Respiratory System
- Human Population
- Human Physiology
- Human Life Cycle
- Human Insulin
- Human Impact on the Environment
- Human Heart
- Human Health and Diseases
- Human Genome Project Goals Significance
- Human Excretory System
- Human Evolution Progress
- Human Ear
- Human Diseases
- Human Digestive System
- Human Circulatory System Transportation
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body
- Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
Difference between
- Difference between Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome
- Difference Between Transpiration and Guttation
- Difference Between Transpiration and Evaporation
- Difference Between Tracheids and Vessels
- Difference Between Thorns and Spines
- Difference Between T Cells and B Cells
- Difference Between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
- Difference Between Sporophyte and Gametophyte
- Difference Between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
- Difference Between Sperm and Ovum
- Difference between Species, Population, and Community
- Difference Between Sleep and Hibernation
- Difference Between Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
- Difference Between Rust and Smut
- Difference Between Right and Left Lung
- Difference Between Replication and Transcription
- Difference Between Renewable and Non Renewable Resources
- Difference Between Red and White Muscle
- Difference Between Radicle and Plumule
- Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription
- Difference Between Plasma and Serum
- Difference Between Pharynx and Larynx
- Difference Between Organs and Organelles
- Difference Between Open and Closed Circulatory Systems
- Difference Between Ocean and Sea
- Difference Between Monocytes and Lymphocytes
- Difference Between Mitochondria and Chloroplast
- Difference Between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle
- Arteries and Veins Difference
Cell
- Growth and Development of an organism
- Meiosis Cell Division
- Cellular Respiration Concept Map
- Cell Signalling
- Cell Organelles
- Cell Cycle and Cell Division
- Cell Biology
Energy, Enzymes and membrane
Plant
- Scientific Names of Animals and Plants
- Plant Respiration
- Plant Physiology
- Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations
- Plant Kingdom Plantae
- Plant Growth Regulators
- Plant Fibres
- Mendelian Inheritance Using Seeds of Different Colours Sizes of Any Plant
- Grassland Dominant Plants
- Effects of Air Pollution on Plants
- Biodiversity In Plants and Animals
Botanical Name
- Mustard Botanical Name
- Marigold Botanical Name
- Chilli Botanical Name
- Botanical Name of Tea
- Botanical Name of Sugarcane
- Botanical Name of Soybean
- Botanical Name of Rose
- Botanical Name of Rice
- Botanical Name of Pea
- Botanical Name of Lady Finger
- Botanical Name of Groundnut
- Botanical Name of Grapes
- Botanical Name of Coffee
- Botanical Name of Cabbage
- Botanical Name of Banyan Tree
- Botanical Name of Bajra
Biodiversity
- Biodiversity Pattern Species
- Biodiversity Conservation
- Biodiversity and Conservation Concept Map
- Biodiversity
Symptoms, diseases
- Hormones Heart Kidney GI
- Blood Cancer
- Arthritis
- Aids and Hiv
- Nervous System Diseases
- Modes of Transmission of Diseases
- Migraine Symptoms
- Menopause Symptoms
- Lysosomal Storage Disease
- Lung Diseases
- Lung Cancer Symptoms
- Hyperthyroidism Symptoms
- Hypertension Symptoms
- Chicken Pox Symptoms
- Blood Pressure Symptoms
- Arthritis Symptoms
- Appendicitis - Formation, Symptoms, Treatment
- Anemia Symptoms
- Acidity Symptoms Causes and Risk Factors involved
Causes
Other Topics
Bio Articles (Alphabetic order)
- Antigens and Immunology
- Scientific Name of Vitamins
- Scientific Name of Neem
- Schistosomiasis Life Cycle
- Scabies Life Cycle
- Salient Features of The Kingdom Monera
- Saddle Joints
- Root Modifications
- Role of Microbes In Food Processing
- RNA: World Genetic Material
- Rna Interference
- Ringworm
- Rigor Mortis
- Retrovirus
- Respiratory Quotient
- Respiratory and Lung Volumes
- Adolescence Secondary sexual characteristics
- Prolactin Hormone
- Productivity In Ecosystem
- Prions
- Principles of Treatment
- Principles of Prevention
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Principles of Genetics
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
- Prepare Pedigree Charts of Any One of the Genetic Traits Such as Rolling Of Tongue, Blood Groups, Ear Lobes, Widow’s Peak and Colour Blindness
- Prepare A Temporary Mount of The onion Root Tip To Study Mitosis
- Preparation and Study of Transverse Section of Dicot and Monocot Roots and Stems
- Pregnancy Parturition Lactation
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Nervous Tissue
- Nervous System Definition
- Nervous System Coordination
- Nervous System
- Nerves
- Nephron Function Renal Tubules
- Nephritis
- Nematoda
- Need For Hygiene and Sanitation
- Natural Selection Biological Evolution
- Natural Disasters
- National Parks and Sanctuaries
- Mycology
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Mutualism
- Mutation Genetic Change
- Mutagens
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Muscle Contraction Proteins
- Mountains and Mountain Animals
- Morphology and Anatomy of Cockroach
- Monohybrid Cross - Inheritance of One Gene
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- MOET Technology - Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology
- Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution
- Miller Urey Experiment
- Micturition - Urination Process
- Microfilaments
- Microbodies
- Metabolism Metabolic Pathways
- Metabolism Living State Basis
- Mendelian Disorders
- Melatonin Hormone
- Meiosis Phases
- Meiosis I - Stages and Process
- Megafauna
- Measles
- Mayfly Life Cycle
- Mass Flow Hypothesis
- Mass Extinctions
- Marine Biology
- Mammalia Diversity In Living Organisms
- Malthusian Theory of Population
- Male Sex Hormone
- Macromolecule
- Luteinizing Hormone
- Lung Cancer
- Love Hormone
- Locust Life Cycle
- Lizard Life Cycle
- Living Fossil
- Lipoproteins
- Lipids
- Lipid Peroxidation
- Linkage Recombination
- Life Cycle of Living Organism
- Lice Life Cycle
- Leprosy
- Length of Epididymis
- Leishmania Life Cycle
- Leg Muscles
- Law of Segregation and Law of Dominance
- Law of Independent Assortment
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypothalamus
- Hypogeal Germination
- Hypocalcaemia
- Hypertension
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hydroponics
- Hydrarch Succession
- Horses and Donkeys Same Species
- Hormonal Disorders
- Hormones Secreted by Non-Endocrine
- Hookworm Life Cycle
- Honey Bee Life Cycle
- Homo erectus
- Homeostasis
- History of Clothing Material
- Characteristics and classification of Gymnosperms
- Guttation
- Griffith Experiment: The Genetic Material
- Grazing Food Chain
- Grasshopper Life Cycle
- Gram Positive Bacteria
- Gout
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- Gonads
- Goiter
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- Embryo Development
- Elisa Technique
- Electron Transport Chain
- Electrocardiograph
- Effects of Water Pollution
- Effects of Waste Disposal
- Effects of Wastage of Water
- Effects of Plastics
- Life Cycle of Chicken
- Chemotrophs
- Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
- Centromere
- Central Dogma Inheritance Mechanism
- Cartilaginous Joints
- Carnivores and Herbivores
- Cardiac Output
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- Can a Community Contain Two Populations of the Same Species?
- Bt Crops
- Bryophyta
- Blastocyst
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- Biotechnology Jobs
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- Biomes of The World
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- Biofortification
- Asteraceae Brassicaceae Poaceae
- Ascaris Life Cycle
- Artificial Pollination
- Archaebacteria
- Apoptosis Definition, Pathway, Significance, and Role
- Apoplast and symplast pathway
- AntiMullerian Hormone (AMH)
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- Annelida Meaning, Classification, Types, and FAQs
- Animal Nervous System
- Animal Kingdom Concept Map
- Animal Kingdom : Animalia Subphylum
- Animal Kingdom
- Animal Husbandry: Types and Advantages
- Animal Husbandry and Poultry Farming & Management
- Angina Pectoris
- Anatomy and Morphology of Animal Tissues
- Anagenesis
- An overview of Anatomy, its types and their applications
- Amphibolic Pathway
- Amphibia
- Amoebiasis
- Ammonotelism
- Ammonification
- Amino acids Properties, Functions, Sources
- Amensalism
- Alternatives To Dams
- Allergies Autoimmunity
- Allee Effect
- Alimentary Canal Anatomy
- Algae Definition, Characteristics, Types, and Examples
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Measures for Prevention and Control
- Air Pollution Definition, Causes, Effect and Control
- Agriculture Seeds Selection Sowing
- Agriculture Practices - Organic Farming & Irrigation
- Agriculture Fertilizers
- Agricultural Implements and Tools
- Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Major Differences
- Advantages of Dams
- Adolescence and Drug Abuse
- Adh Hormone
- Adaptive Radiation Evolution
- Acth Hormone
- Acromegaly Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
- Acquired and Inherited Traits
- Acoustic Neuroma Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis
Preparation and Study of Transverse Section of Dicot and Monocot Roots and Stems
Introduction
Mostly two different types of plants are generally seen such as flowering as well as nonflowering. Angiosperms refer to flowering plants and the non-flowering plants are called gymnosperms. Angiosperms can be spanided into two different groups in terms of their cotyledons number such as monocotyledonous as well as dicotyledonous.
What are Dicot and Monocot Roots and Stems?
| Monocot Root and Stems | Dicot Root and Stems |
|---|---|
| The vascular bundle of the monocot stems are mostly scattered. | In dicot stems vascular bundle is mostly seen in the circular arrangement. |
| In terms of monocot, the bundles are generally seen at the outer edge of a stem and they are circled by the large type of parenchyma in the region of the cortex. | A taproot shape of root is generally seen in dicot which means they mostly form a thick kind of root which is single in form along with lateral branches. This type of root goes deep under the soil. |
| A complete network in terms of the fibrous root is mostly seen in monocots and most woody plants have that type of roots. | In dicot roots, the vascular structures are located in the middle of the root. |
Table 1: Difference between Monocot Stem/Roots and Dicot Stem/Roots
Preparation and Study of the Transverse Section of Dicot and Monocot Roots and Stems
Dicot stem
Aim
The aim of this study is to closely observe the sentient transverse dicot stem.
Requirements
Some essential materials are required pke root as well as stem of a sunflower, fresh root as well as stem of maize, a microscope as well as the blade. Besides this, several spdes, observing glass, cover ships, safranin, brush, brush blotting paper and glycerine.
Structure
This particular type of stem is spanided into two separate parts the epidermis and cortex. The hypodermis is another part of the stem and it is located under the epidermis section. It mainly comprises collenchymatous cells and the most important function of this layer of stem is to provide mechanical support. The endodermis is another important layer of this type of stem which is arranged densely and the shape of this type of layer is barrel. Parenchyma refers to the common cortex and it is located just under the hypodermis and includes multiple layers of the cell. The principal function of these layers is to store food for future use.
Identifications
It is seen that multicellular hairs are seen in the epidermis layer and the hypodermis layer of the stem is called collenchymatous. The xylem is generally attached to the protoxylem from the centre, in this type of layer; the vascular bundles are generally open, conjoint as well as collateral.
Figure 1: Cross section of monocot and dicot root
Dicot root
Aim
The principal aim of this study is to observe minutely the sentient transverse dicot root.
Structure
The first layer of this type of root is the epidermis and then the cortex is located. After these two layers, endodermises, as well as pericycle, are also seen. The shape of the endodermis is pke a barrel and it is arranged densely within a single layer of the cell.
Identifications
Unicellular types of hair are mostly seen in these layers and hypodermis is not present. The bundles of vascular tissue are arranged radically and the phloem numbers are within 6.
Monocot stem
Aim
The aim of this study is to closely observe the sentient transverse monocot stem.
Structure
The structure of monocot is commonly seen in the maize plant the section transverse is ring-shaped and the surface of this layer is smooth. The epidermis is the outermost layer which has a thin cell wall and any kind of epidermal hair is not seen in this layer. The principal function of this layer is to provide complete protection to the internal tissue.
Figure 2: Cross section of Monocot stem (left) and dicot stem (right)
Identifications
It is arranged pke a circular design and the pith is seen in the middle of the layer. A pith is seen in this layer which is developed well.
Monocot Root
Aim
The principal aim of this study is to observe minutely the sentient transverse monocot root.
Figure 3: Structure of dicot and monocot stem
Structure
The hypodermis layer is seen which is located above the base tissue. A Y-shaped bundle of vascular is commonly seen in this type of stem. It commonly comprises the xylem as well as the phloem. The xylem is mainly involved in conducting water to the other part of the plant and the phloem mainly conducts different types of food materials.
Identifications
This layer has some hair which is unicellular and hypodermis is not present in this type of root. The bundles of vascular tissue are arranged radically. The bundles of xylem, as well as phloem, are 8 and more than it.
Conclusion
Mainly 2 to 6 types of bundle arrangement are seen in terms of phloem as well as xylem. Then the bundle of phloem is seen which includes comparison cell along with parenchyma as well as a sieve tube. A set of conjunctive tissue is located under these layers which mainly differentiate the bundles of phloem along with xylem. Pith is another important layer of this structure.
FAQs
Q1. What is pericycle?
Ans. It is located under the bundles of vascular tissue and above the endodermis. It has patches of sclerenchyma as well as parenchyma that are recurrent. Every patch sclerenchyma is connected with the fibres of hard-bast.
Q2. What is called medullary rays?
Ans. It is mainly located between the bundles of vascular tissue and it is arranged in 4 to 5 rows radially. It is helpful in storing the different materials of food and conducting water as well as food.
Q3. What is pith?
Ans. It is located in the middle of the stem and arises below the bundles of vascular tissue. It consists of large parenchymatous cells.