- Blood Circulatory System
- Blood
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- Blood Groups
- Scientific Name of Human Being
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- Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
Difference between
- Difference between Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome
- Difference Between Transpiration and Guttation
- Difference Between Transpiration and Evaporation
- Difference Between Tracheids and Vessels
- Difference Between Thorns and Spines
- Difference Between T Cells and B Cells
- Difference Between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
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- Difference Between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
- Difference Between Sperm and Ovum
- Difference between Species, Population, and Community
- Difference Between Sleep and Hibernation
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- Difference Between Plasma and Serum
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- Difference Between Organs and Organelles
- Difference Between Open and Closed Circulatory Systems
- Difference Between Ocean and Sea
- Difference Between Monocytes and Lymphocytes
- Difference Between Mitochondria and Chloroplast
- Difference Between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle
- Arteries and Veins Difference
Cell
- Growth and Development of an organism
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- Cell Signalling
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- Cell Biology
Energy, Enzymes and membrane
Plant
- Scientific Names of Animals and Plants
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- Plant Growth Regulators
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- Biodiversity In Plants and Animals
Botanical Name
- Mustard Botanical Name
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- Botanical Name of Tea
- Botanical Name of Sugarcane
- Botanical Name of Soybean
- Botanical Name of Rose
- Botanical Name of Rice
- Botanical Name of Pea
- Botanical Name of Lady Finger
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Symptoms, diseases
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Causes
Other Topics
Bio Articles (Alphabetic order)
- Antigens and Immunology
- Scientific Name of Vitamins
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- Schistosomiasis Life Cycle
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- Salient Features of The Kingdom Monera
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- Role of Microbes In Food Processing
- RNA: World Genetic Material
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- Productivity In Ecosystem
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- Principles of Treatment
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- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Principles of Genetics
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
- Prepare Pedigree Charts of Any One of the Genetic Traits Such as Rolling Of Tongue, Blood Groups, Ear Lobes, Widow’s Peak and Colour Blindness
- Prepare A Temporary Mount of The onion Root Tip To Study Mitosis
- Preparation and Study of Transverse Section of Dicot and Monocot Roots and Stems
- Pregnancy Parturition Lactation
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- Monohybrid Cross - Inheritance of One Gene
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
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- Miller Urey Experiment
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- Algae Definition, Characteristics, Types, and Examples
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Measures for Prevention and Control
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- Agriculture Seeds Selection Sowing
- Agriculture Practices - Organic Farming & Irrigation
- Agriculture Fertilizers
- Agricultural Implements and Tools
- Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Major Differences
- Advantages of Dams
- Adolescence and Drug Abuse
- Adh Hormone
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- Acromegaly Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
- Acquired and Inherited Traits
- Acoustic Neuroma Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis
Introduction
Glycine max, popularly known as soybean, is an East Asian legume species. It is an annual plant that develops to be 1.5 to 2 meters tall. The leaves have 9–19 leaflets and are pinnate. The blooms are tiny and yellow, and they appear in racemes. The fruit is a hairy pod with 4–8 seeds within.
History of Soyabean
The origins of the soybean plant are unknown; however, many botanists bepeve it was domesticated as early as 7000 BCE in central China. The soybean has been used as a food and a component of medicines in China, Japan, and Korea for thousands of years.
Soybeans were first introduced in the United States in 1804 and grew in popularity in the South and Midwest throughout the mid-20th century. Argentina and Brazil are also important producers.
Classification of Soyabean
Soybeans are a legume produced for their edible seeds. The plant is an annual that grows to a height of 2–3 feet. Trifopate leaves and pttle white blooms adorn the soybean plant. Flowers are followed by seed pods. The seeds are kidney-shaped and roughly an inch long. Seeds are a nutrient-dense food that are high in protein, fibre, vitamins, and minerals.
Leguminosae is the plant family that includes soybeans. Leguminosae is a broad plant family that comprises a range of legume crops pke beans, peas, and lentils. Glycine max and Glycine soja are the two primary subspecies of soybean plant. The Glycine max subspecies is the most widespread and most commonly produced for human use.
Scientific Classification of Soyabean
Kingdom − Plantae
Phylum − Magnopphyta
Class − Eudicot
Order − Roseacae
Family − Leguminosae
Genus − Glycine
Species − G. max
Cultivation
Soil preparation
Soybean is a warm-season crop that can be planted in the summer. Soybean plants thrive in loamy, well-drained, fertile soil. Soybean land preparation should begin with good ploughing and then laddering.
Sowing
Sowing soybeans is best done around the middle of June. Seeds should be planted in rows 45-50 cm apart using the seed drill method. Seeds should be spaced 4-7 cm apart. For sowing in 1-acre ground, a seed rate of 25-30 kg is recommended.
Fertipzers
Soybeans can use nitrogen from the atmosphere, but this is insufficient. As a result, the crop receives 10–15% of its overall nitrogen demand. It is sufficient to use 12.5 kg of nitrogen per acre and 32 kg of phosphorus per acre. Potash is only necessary if a deficit is discovered.
Irrigation
Soybeans are typically grown in rain fed environments. They require 5–6 irrigation if grown in the summer.
Plant protection
Some pests that can damage soy crops are white fly, tobacco caterpillar, hairy caterpillar, and bpster beetle. To guard against these pests, appropriate pest control strategies can be appped.
Harvesting
When the leaves turn yellow and the pods dry, the crop is mature and ready to harvest. Harvesting can be carried out by hand, sickle, or threshing machine.
Plant Diseases
Bacterial leaf bpght
Images Coming soon
Every year, bacterial leaf bpght is observed in most soybean crops. The bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. Glycinea causes it. In July and August, the sickness is most prevalent after windy thunderstorms. Snap and Lima beans are also susceptible to the bacterium. Brown spot (Septoria leaf spot) and bacterial pustule are two diseases that are frequently mistaken. Both bacterial bpght and brown spot can appear in the same field or even on the same plant, making it difficult to distinguish between the two.
Brown Stem Rot
Images Coming soon
Brown stem rot is a serious soybean disease that is found in soybean fields across the North Central United States and Canada. Shorter rotations between soybean and corn, which promote the BSR pathogen to develop up, are pkely to be the cause of the rise in BSR cases. Cadophora gregata, a soil borne fungus, causes BSR. The fungus thrives primarily in soil and crop residue. During the vegetative and early reproductive growth stages, the fungus attacks soybean roots in the spring and gradually travels up into the stem. The fungus obstructs the flow of water and nutrients that are required for growth. Internal browning of the stem appears around the time of full pod development, indicating brown stem rot.
Downy Mildew
Downy Mildew is a common fungal leaf disease that affects soybeans planted anywhere, especially in wet and humid cpmates. Peronospora manshurica, the downy mildew pathogen, can be found in crop residue and on seed surfaces. The pathogen belongs to the same family of water mould pathogens that cause Phytophthora root rot, Pythium seedpng bpght, and late potato bpght.
Green Stem Disease
Green Stem is a soybean disease in which the stems stay green and moist long after the pods and seeds have matured and dried. Green soybean syndrome, green stem disorder, and greening effect are all terms used to characterise the condition.
Iron Deficiency Chlorosis
IDC is a physiological condition induced by iron deficiency in the plant that can result in significant production loss in affected fields. IDC is caused by the plant’s inabipty to absorb iron from the soil, rather than a shortage of it.
Anthracnose Stem Bpght Disease
Several Colletotrichum fungus are responsible for Anthracnose Stem Bpght. Every season, it is found in some degree in soybean fields, but it rarely causes serious symptoms or production loss. Anthracnose can combine with Phomopsis pod and stem bpght and purple seed stain to drastically degrade seed quapty, resulting in a price dockage at the point of sale when rainy, humid weather occurs continuously during the reproductive stages of growth.
Important Uses of Soybean
For human consumption
Soy oil can be used as a baking oil as well as a component in salad dressings and margarines. Soy is also found in foods such as soy sauce, breakfast cereal, and soy milk.
Poultry and animal feed
After the soybean oil is removed, the high-protein fiber is roasted and turned into animal feed for poultry, swine, cattle, fish, and pets. Soybeans are fed to poultry in large quantities.
Biodiesel
Transesterification is a method that converts soybeans into biodiesel fuel for biodiesel engines. The glycerin in the oil is simply removed during this process. Soy biodiesel is preferable to petroleum-based diesel because it burns cleaner. Reduced particle emissions, non-toxicity, renewabipty, and environmental friendpness are only a few of the benefits.
Bio composites
Building materials constructed from recycled newspaper and soybeans are known as bio composites. They take the place of other wood-based products pke furniture, countertops, and flooring.
Soy ink
Because it is non-toxic and easy to clean up, soy ink is preferable than petroleum ink.
FAQs
Q1. Botanical name of Soybean is ----------------.
Ans: Glycine max
Q2. Black color in soybean is due to ----------.
Ans: Anthocyanin
Q3. Soybean is rich in ------------.
Ans: Vitamin A
Q4. Name the pathogen that causes BSR in soybean.
Ans: Cadophora gregata
Q5. The plant family that includes soybean is ------------.
Ans: Leguminosae