- Blood Circulatory System
- Blood
- Bones of The Legs
- Bones of The Foot
- Bones of The Ankle
- Bones of Pelvis
- Blood Groups
- Scientific Name of Human Being
- Largest Organ In Human Body
- Largest Internal Organ in The Human Body
- Human Respiratory System
- Human Population
- Human Physiology
- Human Life Cycle
- Human Insulin
- Human Impact on the Environment
- Human Heart
- Human Health and Diseases
- Human Genome Project Goals Significance
- Human Excretory System
- Human Evolution Progress
- Human Ear
- Human Diseases
- Human Digestive System
- Human Circulatory System Transportation
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body
- Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
Difference between
- Difference between Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome
- Difference Between Transpiration and Guttation
- Difference Between Transpiration and Evaporation
- Difference Between Tracheids and Vessels
- Difference Between Thorns and Spines
- Difference Between T Cells and B Cells
- Difference Between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
- Difference Between Sporophyte and Gametophyte
- Difference Between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
- Difference Between Sperm and Ovum
- Difference between Species, Population, and Community
- Difference Between Sleep and Hibernation
- Difference Between Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
- Difference Between Rust and Smut
- Difference Between Right and Left Lung
- Difference Between Replication and Transcription
- Difference Between Renewable and Non Renewable Resources
- Difference Between Red and White Muscle
- Difference Between Radicle and Plumule
- Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription
- Difference Between Plasma and Serum
- Difference Between Pharynx and Larynx
- Difference Between Organs and Organelles
- Difference Between Open and Closed Circulatory Systems
- Difference Between Ocean and Sea
- Difference Between Monocytes and Lymphocytes
- Difference Between Mitochondria and Chloroplast
- Difference Between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle
- Arteries and Veins Difference
Cell
- Growth and Development of an organism
- Meiosis Cell Division
- Cellular Respiration Concept Map
- Cell Signalling
- Cell Organelles
- Cell Cycle and Cell Division
- Cell Biology
Energy, Enzymes and membrane
Plant
- Scientific Names of Animals and Plants
- Plant Respiration
- Plant Physiology
- Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations
- Plant Kingdom Plantae
- Plant Growth Regulators
- Plant Fibres
- Mendelian Inheritance Using Seeds of Different Colours Sizes of Any Plant
- Grassland Dominant Plants
- Effects of Air Pollution on Plants
- Biodiversity In Plants and Animals
Botanical Name
- Mustard Botanical Name
- Marigold Botanical Name
- Chilli Botanical Name
- Botanical Name of Tea
- Botanical Name of Sugarcane
- Botanical Name of Soybean
- Botanical Name of Rose
- Botanical Name of Rice
- Botanical Name of Pea
- Botanical Name of Lady Finger
- Botanical Name of Groundnut
- Botanical Name of Grapes
- Botanical Name of Coffee
- Botanical Name of Cabbage
- Botanical Name of Banyan Tree
- Botanical Name of Bajra
Biodiversity
- Biodiversity Pattern Species
- Biodiversity Conservation
- Biodiversity and Conservation Concept Map
- Biodiversity
Symptoms, diseases
- Hormones Heart Kidney GI
- Blood Cancer
- Arthritis
- Aids and Hiv
- Nervous System Diseases
- Modes of Transmission of Diseases
- Migraine Symptoms
- Menopause Symptoms
- Lysosomal Storage Disease
- Lung Diseases
- Lung Cancer Symptoms
- Hyperthyroidism Symptoms
- Hypertension Symptoms
- Chicken Pox Symptoms
- Blood Pressure Symptoms
- Arthritis Symptoms
- Appendicitis - Formation, Symptoms, Treatment
- Anemia Symptoms
- Acidity Symptoms Causes and Risk Factors involved
Causes
Other Topics
Bio Articles (Alphabetic order)
- Antigens and Immunology
- Scientific Name of Vitamins
- Scientific Name of Neem
- Schistosomiasis Life Cycle
- Scabies Life Cycle
- Salient Features of The Kingdom Monera
- Saddle Joints
- Root Modifications
- Role of Microbes In Food Processing
- RNA: World Genetic Material
- Rna Interference
- Ringworm
- Rigor Mortis
- Retrovirus
- Respiratory Quotient
- Respiratory and Lung Volumes
- Adolescence Secondary sexual characteristics
- Prolactin Hormone
- Productivity In Ecosystem
- Prions
- Principles of Treatment
- Principles of Prevention
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Principles of Genetics
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
- Prepare Pedigree Charts of Any One of the Genetic Traits Such as Rolling Of Tongue, Blood Groups, Ear Lobes, Widow’s Peak and Colour Blindness
- Prepare A Temporary Mount of The onion Root Tip To Study Mitosis
- Preparation and Study of Transverse Section of Dicot and Monocot Roots and Stems
- Pregnancy Parturition Lactation
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Nervous Tissue
- Nervous System Definition
- Nervous System Coordination
- Nervous System
- Nerves
- Nephron Function Renal Tubules
- Nephritis
- Nematoda
- Need For Hygiene and Sanitation
- Natural Selection Biological Evolution
- Natural Disasters
- National Parks and Sanctuaries
- Mycology
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Mutualism
- Mutation Genetic Change
- Mutagens
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Muscle Contraction Proteins
- Mountains and Mountain Animals
- Morphology and Anatomy of Cockroach
- Monohybrid Cross - Inheritance of One Gene
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- MOET Technology - Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology
- Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution
- Miller Urey Experiment
- Micturition - Urination Process
- Microfilaments
- Microbodies
- Metabolism Metabolic Pathways
- Metabolism Living State Basis
- Mendelian Disorders
- Melatonin Hormone
- Meiosis Phases
- Meiosis I - Stages and Process
- Megafauna
- Measles
- Mayfly Life Cycle
- Mass Flow Hypothesis
- Mass Extinctions
- Marine Biology
- Mammalia Diversity In Living Organisms
- Malthusian Theory of Population
- Male Sex Hormone
- Macromolecule
- Luteinizing Hormone
- Lung Cancer
- Love Hormone
- Locust Life Cycle
- Lizard Life Cycle
- Living Fossil
- Lipoproteins
- Lipids
- Lipid Peroxidation
- Linkage Recombination
- Life Cycle of Living Organism
- Lice Life Cycle
- Leprosy
- Length of Epididymis
- Leishmania Life Cycle
- Leg Muscles
- Law of Segregation and Law of Dominance
- Law of Independent Assortment
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypothalamus
- Hypogeal Germination
- Hypocalcaemia
- Hypertension
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hydroponics
- Hydrarch Succession
- Horses and Donkeys Same Species
- Hormonal Disorders
- Hormones Secreted by Non-Endocrine
- Hookworm Life Cycle
- Honey Bee Life Cycle
- Homo erectus
- Homeostasis
- History of Clothing Material
- Characteristics and classification of Gymnosperms
- Guttation
- Griffith Experiment: The Genetic Material
- Grazing Food Chain
- Grasshopper Life Cycle
- Gram Positive Bacteria
- Gout
- Gonorrhea
- Gonads
- Goiter
- Embryology
- Embryo Development
- Elisa Technique
- Electron Transport Chain
- Electrocardiograph
- Effects of Water Pollution
- Effects of Waste Disposal
- Effects of Wastage of Water
- Effects of Plastics
- Life Cycle of Chicken
- Chemotrophs
- Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
- Centromere
- Central Dogma Inheritance Mechanism
- Cartilaginous Joints
- Carnivores and Herbivores
- Cardiac Output
- Carbon Cycle
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Can a Community Contain Two Populations of the Same Species?
- Bt Crops
- Bryophyta
- Blastocyst
- Bird Life Cycle
- Biotechnology Jobs
- Biotechnology Agriculture
- Biosafety Issues
- Bioreactor Obtaining Foreign Gene
- Biopiracy
- Biomolecules In Living Organisms
- Biomes of The World
- Biomass Definition Ecology
- Biofortification
- Asteraceae Brassicaceae Poaceae
- Ascaris Life Cycle
- Artificial Pollination
- Archaebacteria
- Apoptosis Definition, Pathway, Significance, and Role
- Apoplast and symplast pathway
- AntiMullerian Hormone (AMH)
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Antibiotics
- Ant Life Cycle
- Annelida Meaning, Classification, Types, and FAQs
- Animal Nervous System
- Animal Kingdom Concept Map
- Animal Kingdom : Animalia Subphylum
- Animal Kingdom
- Animal Husbandry: Types and Advantages
- Animal Husbandry and Poultry Farming & Management
- Angina Pectoris
- Anatomy and Morphology of Animal Tissues
- Anagenesis
- An overview of Anatomy, its types and their applications
- Amphibolic Pathway
- Amphibia
- Amoebiasis
- Ammonotelism
- Ammonification
- Amino acids Properties, Functions, Sources
- Amensalism
- Alternatives To Dams
- Allergies Autoimmunity
- Allee Effect
- Alimentary Canal Anatomy
- Algae Definition, Characteristics, Types, and Examples
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Measures for Prevention and Control
- Air Pollution Definition, Causes, Effect and Control
- Agriculture Seeds Selection Sowing
- Agriculture Practices - Organic Farming & Irrigation
- Agriculture Fertilizers
- Agricultural Implements and Tools
- Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Major Differences
- Advantages of Dams
- Adolescence and Drug Abuse
- Adh Hormone
- Adaptive Radiation Evolution
- Acth Hormone
- Acromegaly Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
- Acquired and Inherited Traits
- Acoustic Neuroma Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis
Introduction
Mycology deals with the classification and taxonomy of fungus or fungi. It also includes the research on fungi’s biochemical and genetic properties. It also determines their importance and benefits in various fields including the food production industry, medication, and agriculture. Fungi are mainly used in traditional medicine production and food production. It helps in the production of wine, beer, bread, cheese, and curd. The types of mycology include several branches pke forensic mycology, pchenology, and Ethnopchenology among others.
What is Mycology?
Heinrich Anton de Bary is the father of Mycology. He was a famous German botanist, who had researched a lot on fungi s role, its importance and plant pathology. Mycology mainly deals with the study of fungus or fungi. The three major branches of mycology include forensic mycology, Lichenology, and Ethnopchenology. Mycology has major apppcations in the dairy, wine, baking industries, dyes and inks production. Mycological research deals with the development of various antibiotics and cholesterol-lowering drugs. These drugs include tetracycpne, streptomycin, and penicilpn.
Discussion on Medical Mycology
Recently, there are more than 50,000 types of fungal organisms to be found in nature. Some of them are free-pving fungal creatures with no impact on humans. However, most of the fungi are responsible for a wide range of ailments for humans. Classification of these fungi is crucial for the study of the properties of fungi. For example, Candidas are pathogens and saprophytic creatures that are mostly found in the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tracts and skin.
Figure 1: Candida
Most of the human contaminations are caused by Candida albicans and different other species pke Candida tropicaps, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida Krusei and Candida pseudotopicaps, these are the cpnical examples and are known to cause multiple ailments in the human body. In general, there are hundreds of variants of Aspergillus spp. out of which mostly four of them fumigatus, niger, flavus, and terreus are responsible to cause disease in the human body.
These are known to develop with separate branching hyphae. Some of these are also known to ascent to a long tail pke non-septate hypha that emerges from specific foot cell that is headed by conidiospore which is an asexual regenerative structure.
Characteristics of Fungi
The fungi are known to have certain sapent features and sets of characteristics associated with them which are psted below −
Figure 2: Fungal reproduction
The fungi are eukaryotic and non-vascular organisms.
The fungi are void of chloroplast, This is why in these organisms photosynthesis is absent.
The fungi tend to grow slower as compared to the bacteria.
Fungi are known to have both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction.
Fungi can reproduce through spores.
The nuclear envelope of fungi does not dissolve through the process of mitosis.
Pheromone is a chemical compound that is responsible for the sexual reproduction in fungi.
Fungi lacks the embryonic stage.
Classification of Fungi
Fungi’s classification is based on two significant characters −
Based on the mode of nutrition
Based on spore formation.
Depending upon the mode of nutrition it can be stated that −
Fungi are saprophytic in nature, that is, they feed on dead organic products. These are further subspanided into two categories the ectophytic saprophytes and the endophytic saprophytes.
Fungi also are known to be parasitic in nature. That is why they obtain nutrition from the hosts.
Based on spore formation −
Fungi are classified into four different categories, Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes are mostly found in most areas, the Ascomycetes are also called sac-fungi, Basidiomycetes grow in soil, tree stumps and logs. Deuteromycetes are known to reproduce through conidia which are asexual spores.
Importance of Fungi
Fungi or fungus has some major importance as mentioned below −
Fungi along with bacteria are responsible for releasing oxygen, carbon dioxide, phosphorous, and nitrogen into air and soil.
The fungus also helps to break down the organic matter that can be present in foods. This is the main reason fungi are used in food production in various industries including bread, cheese, curd, wine, beer, and others.
Fungi have various medicinal benefits and are used in traditional medicine production.
Fungi help to prevent inspaniduals from infection, diseases, toxicity, and dangers caused by various bacteria, viruses and harmful pathogens.
In the case of household and agricultural filed fungi are used as cleaning agents, pesticides, or fertipzers.
Yeasts are the major food source and are one of the major fungus types that help in the production of vitamin B.
Bacteria are good decomposers that are used in various food production and drug industries.
Penicilpn is a major antibiotic which is obtained from a fungus called Penicilpum notatum. This fungus exists widely in the atmosphere and is nonpathogenic for humans.
Conclusion
Fungi are quite abundant in nature. They can be found in various regions on earth and can survive under a certain set of conditions. Fungi are responsible for various ailments in the human body. These organisms grow out in nature and are known to be capable of reproducing through both sexual and asexual process. There are thousands of variants of fungi that can be found in nature.
FAQs
Q1. What do you mean by Mycology?
Ans. Mycology deals with the study of fungus or fungi which includes their taxonomy, use to humans, and biochemical and genetic properties. The father of mycology is Heinrich Anton de Bary, who researched the roles and biochemical and genetic properties of fungi.
Q2. What is the key importance of Mycological research?
Ans. Mycological research is necessary for the production of effective cholesterollowering drugs and antibiotics. The drugs that are produced based on this study are tetracycpne, streptomycin, and penicilpn that have various benefits on human health.
Q3. What are the uses of Penicilpum notatum?
Ans. Penicilpum notatum is a type of fungus that is present widely in the environment and is non-pathogenic to humans. It is commonly used for the production of Penicilpn, widely used as an antibiotic agent derived from Penicilpum mold.