- Blood Circulatory System
- Blood
- Bones of The Legs
- Bones of The Foot
- Bones of The Ankle
- Bones of Pelvis
- Blood Groups
- Scientific Name of Human Being
- Largest Organ In Human Body
- Largest Internal Organ in The Human Body
- Human Respiratory System
- Human Population
- Human Physiology
- Human Life Cycle
- Human Insulin
- Human Impact on the Environment
- Human Heart
- Human Health and Diseases
- Human Genome Project Goals Significance
- Human Excretory System
- Human Evolution Progress
- Human Ear
- Human Diseases
- Human Digestive System
- Human Circulatory System Transportation
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body
- Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
Difference between
- Difference between Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome
- Difference Between Transpiration and Guttation
- Difference Between Transpiration and Evaporation
- Difference Between Tracheids and Vessels
- Difference Between Thorns and Spines
- Difference Between T Cells and B Cells
- Difference Between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
- Difference Between Sporophyte and Gametophyte
- Difference Between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
- Difference Between Sperm and Ovum
- Difference between Species, Population, and Community
- Difference Between Sleep and Hibernation
- Difference Between Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
- Difference Between Rust and Smut
- Difference Between Right and Left Lung
- Difference Between Replication and Transcription
- Difference Between Renewable and Non Renewable Resources
- Difference Between Red and White Muscle
- Difference Between Radicle and Plumule
- Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription
- Difference Between Plasma and Serum
- Difference Between Pharynx and Larynx
- Difference Between Organs and Organelles
- Difference Between Open and Closed Circulatory Systems
- Difference Between Ocean and Sea
- Difference Between Monocytes and Lymphocytes
- Difference Between Mitochondria and Chloroplast
- Difference Between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle
- Arteries and Veins Difference
Cell
- Growth and Development of an organism
- Meiosis Cell Division
- Cellular Respiration Concept Map
- Cell Signalling
- Cell Organelles
- Cell Cycle and Cell Division
- Cell Biology
Energy, Enzymes and membrane
Plant
- Scientific Names of Animals and Plants
- Plant Respiration
- Plant Physiology
- Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations
- Plant Kingdom Plantae
- Plant Growth Regulators
- Plant Fibres
- Mendelian Inheritance Using Seeds of Different Colours Sizes of Any Plant
- Grassland Dominant Plants
- Effects of Air Pollution on Plants
- Biodiversity In Plants and Animals
Botanical Name
- Mustard Botanical Name
- Marigold Botanical Name
- Chilli Botanical Name
- Botanical Name of Tea
- Botanical Name of Sugarcane
- Botanical Name of Soybean
- Botanical Name of Rose
- Botanical Name of Rice
- Botanical Name of Pea
- Botanical Name of Lady Finger
- Botanical Name of Groundnut
- Botanical Name of Grapes
- Botanical Name of Coffee
- Botanical Name of Cabbage
- Botanical Name of Banyan Tree
- Botanical Name of Bajra
Biodiversity
- Biodiversity Pattern Species
- Biodiversity Conservation
- Biodiversity and Conservation Concept Map
- Biodiversity
Symptoms, diseases
- Hormones Heart Kidney GI
- Blood Cancer
- Arthritis
- Aids and Hiv
- Nervous System Diseases
- Modes of Transmission of Diseases
- Migraine Symptoms
- Menopause Symptoms
- Lysosomal Storage Disease
- Lung Diseases
- Lung Cancer Symptoms
- Hyperthyroidism Symptoms
- Hypertension Symptoms
- Chicken Pox Symptoms
- Blood Pressure Symptoms
- Arthritis Symptoms
- Appendicitis - Formation, Symptoms, Treatment
- Anemia Symptoms
- Acidity Symptoms Causes and Risk Factors involved
Causes
Other Topics
Bio Articles (Alphabetic order)
- Antigens and Immunology
- Scientific Name of Vitamins
- Scientific Name of Neem
- Schistosomiasis Life Cycle
- Scabies Life Cycle
- Salient Features of The Kingdom Monera
- Saddle Joints
- Root Modifications
- Role of Microbes In Food Processing
- RNA: World Genetic Material
- Rna Interference
- Ringworm
- Rigor Mortis
- Retrovirus
- Respiratory Quotient
- Respiratory and Lung Volumes
- Adolescence Secondary sexual characteristics
- Prolactin Hormone
- Productivity In Ecosystem
- Prions
- Principles of Treatment
- Principles of Prevention
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Principles of Genetics
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
- Prepare Pedigree Charts of Any One of the Genetic Traits Such as Rolling Of Tongue, Blood Groups, Ear Lobes, Widow’s Peak and Colour Blindness
- Prepare A Temporary Mount of The onion Root Tip To Study Mitosis
- Preparation and Study of Transverse Section of Dicot and Monocot Roots and Stems
- Pregnancy Parturition Lactation
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Nervous Tissue
- Nervous System Definition
- Nervous System Coordination
- Nervous System
- Nerves
- Nephron Function Renal Tubules
- Nephritis
- Nematoda
- Need For Hygiene and Sanitation
- Natural Selection Biological Evolution
- Natural Disasters
- National Parks and Sanctuaries
- Mycology
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Mutualism
- Mutation Genetic Change
- Mutagens
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Muscle Contraction Proteins
- Mountains and Mountain Animals
- Morphology and Anatomy of Cockroach
- Monohybrid Cross - Inheritance of One Gene
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- MOET Technology - Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology
- Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution
- Miller Urey Experiment
- Micturition - Urination Process
- Microfilaments
- Microbodies
- Metabolism Metabolic Pathways
- Metabolism Living State Basis
- Mendelian Disorders
- Melatonin Hormone
- Meiosis Phases
- Meiosis I - Stages and Process
- Megafauna
- Measles
- Mayfly Life Cycle
- Mass Flow Hypothesis
- Mass Extinctions
- Marine Biology
- Mammalia Diversity In Living Organisms
- Malthusian Theory of Population
- Male Sex Hormone
- Macromolecule
- Luteinizing Hormone
- Lung Cancer
- Love Hormone
- Locust Life Cycle
- Lizard Life Cycle
- Living Fossil
- Lipoproteins
- Lipids
- Lipid Peroxidation
- Linkage Recombination
- Life Cycle of Living Organism
- Lice Life Cycle
- Leprosy
- Length of Epididymis
- Leishmania Life Cycle
- Leg Muscles
- Law of Segregation and Law of Dominance
- Law of Independent Assortment
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypothalamus
- Hypogeal Germination
- Hypocalcaemia
- Hypertension
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hydroponics
- Hydrarch Succession
- Horses and Donkeys Same Species
- Hormonal Disorders
- Hormones Secreted by Non-Endocrine
- Hookworm Life Cycle
- Honey Bee Life Cycle
- Homo erectus
- Homeostasis
- History of Clothing Material
- Characteristics and classification of Gymnosperms
- Guttation
- Griffith Experiment: The Genetic Material
- Grazing Food Chain
- Grasshopper Life Cycle
- Gram Positive Bacteria
- Gout
- Gonorrhea
- Gonads
- Goiter
- Embryology
- Embryo Development
- Elisa Technique
- Electron Transport Chain
- Electrocardiograph
- Effects of Water Pollution
- Effects of Waste Disposal
- Effects of Wastage of Water
- Effects of Plastics
- Life Cycle of Chicken
- Chemotrophs
- Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
- Centromere
- Central Dogma Inheritance Mechanism
- Cartilaginous Joints
- Carnivores and Herbivores
- Cardiac Output
- Carbon Cycle
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Can a Community Contain Two Populations of the Same Species?
- Bt Crops
- Bryophyta
- Blastocyst
- Bird Life Cycle
- Biotechnology Jobs
- Biotechnology Agriculture
- Biosafety Issues
- Bioreactor Obtaining Foreign Gene
- Biopiracy
- Biomolecules In Living Organisms
- Biomes of The World
- Biomass Definition Ecology
- Biofortification
- Asteraceae Brassicaceae Poaceae
- Ascaris Life Cycle
- Artificial Pollination
- Archaebacteria
- Apoptosis Definition, Pathway, Significance, and Role
- Apoplast and symplast pathway
- AntiMullerian Hormone (AMH)
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Antibiotics
- Ant Life Cycle
- Annelida Meaning, Classification, Types, and FAQs
- Animal Nervous System
- Animal Kingdom Concept Map
- Animal Kingdom : Animalia Subphylum
- Animal Kingdom
- Animal Husbandry: Types and Advantages
- Animal Husbandry and Poultry Farming & Management
- Angina Pectoris
- Anatomy and Morphology of Animal Tissues
- Anagenesis
- An overview of Anatomy, its types and their applications
- Amphibolic Pathway
- Amphibia
- Amoebiasis
- Ammonotelism
- Ammonification
- Amino acids Properties, Functions, Sources
- Amensalism
- Alternatives To Dams
- Allergies Autoimmunity
- Allee Effect
- Alimentary Canal Anatomy
- Algae Definition, Characteristics, Types, and Examples
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Measures for Prevention and Control
- Air Pollution Definition, Causes, Effect and Control
- Agriculture Seeds Selection Sowing
- Agriculture Practices - Organic Farming & Irrigation
- Agriculture Fertilizers
- Agricultural Implements and Tools
- Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Major Differences
- Advantages of Dams
- Adolescence and Drug Abuse
- Adh Hormone
- Adaptive Radiation Evolution
- Acth Hormone
- Acromegaly Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
- Acquired and Inherited Traits
- Acoustic Neuroma Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis
Introduction
Crops breeding plays an important role in agriculture. Crop breeding is practised for the improvement of plants that benefit us. To make the crops nutritious and more productive breeds have worked enormously. The farmers always selected the plants which can produce larger seeds, better fruit quapty, and other good traits. This has been done through plant breeding which has been practised by farmers for a long time. Nowadays both scientists and farmers work together to breed plants.
Biofortification is the process of amppfying the nutritional quapty of breeding food crops. It is an upcoming cost-effective and sustainable technique used by breeders. In this tutorial, we will learn biofortification in depth.
Process of biofortification
Biofortification is the process in which modern biotechnology, conventional plant breeding, and agronomics techniques are used to produce nutritionally improved crops. This method is practised due to the increased human population. Previously agriculturists focused on the increase the number of crops or crop productivity. These practices of increasing crop productivity have affected the quapty of crops and production of micronutrient deficiency crops. These types of crops also affect humans. Keeping this in mind nowadays agriculturists focus on a sufficient quantity of crops that are rich in nutrients.
Though nutrient supplements, program vitamins, and minerals are provided to humans in large quantities. But it s not possible to cover all below property pne people. Either these people are unable to afford this supplement or they are not educated enough to know about the importance of nutrients. So biofortification is the only long-term sustainable solution that provides nutrients rich food crops to the people.
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Techniques involved
The techniques of biofortification are described below −
Agronomic practices − In this method fertipzers are used to increase the micronutrient crops. Generally, crops are grown in areas where major macronutrients are present in small quantities.
Selective breeding − In this only certain plants which have desired traits are allowed to grow. For example on farmland, there are ten rice plants are cultivated. Farmers get to know that out of ten plants only three have high iron content. In this situation, farmers can remove the seven plants which have low iron content, and plants seed only for high iron crops for nest seasons. When this process is repeated all the rice plants have high iron contents. In this method uses natural traits to get the best quapty crops and has advantages as well as disadvantages.
Genetic modification − There are two methods of genetic modification. In the first method, genes are changes that are already in the plant. In the second method, new genes are introduced into the plant known as genes transfer. An advantage of genetic modification is that the desired trait is achieved within a few generations of the plant pfe cycle after altering the plant. That is much faster than selective breeding.
Examples of biofortification
Iron biofortification − It is found in beans, potato, carrot, rice, and legumes.
Zinc biofortification − It is found in sweet potatoes, beans, rice, wheat, and maize.
Protein and amino acids biofortification − Cassava and sorghum
Provitamin - A carotenoid biofortification − Cassava, sweet potato, and maize.
Purpose of biofortification
The main purpose of biofortification is to produce nutritionally improved crops. The benefits of biofortification can cover a wide range of below-poverty pne people. This range of people either do not have access to a spanerse diet or are not educated enough to know the importance of micronutrients. They consume the food that is available in that area. As a result, they suffer micronutrient malnutrition. Biofortification is the only way that can provide essential micronutrients in crops. It plays an important role in improving the diet and overall health of human beings. Biofortification is a long sustainable technique used by the breeder to get nutritionally improved crops.
Benefits of biofortification
The crops that are produced from biofortification contain more nutrients and these benefits stay in the crop forever.
It is cost-effective because it does not require any new infrastructure.
In comparison to traditional methods of fortification, biofortification is more sustainable. In traditional fortifications, every product should be inspanidually altered to add micronutrients while in biofortification once the biofortified crop is made the result is last forever.
It is an important option to overcome malnutrition.
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Challenges of biofortification
Many people think that it is dangerous to eat biofortified crops though it is confirmed by researchers that genetically modified crops are safe to consume. An example of biofortified crops is golden rice, rich in beta carotene, but people hesitate to eat it because of its colour. The farmers need to adopt biofortification on a large scale as they are more used to the traditional method.
Conclusion
Biofortification is the process in which modern biotechnology, conventional plant breeding, and agronomics techniques are used to produce nutritionally improved crops. Its plays an important role in decreasing malnutrition. The pubpc should be adequately informed about biofortification and its importance. As time passes hopefully biofortification will be an effective weapon to fight against malnutrition.
FAQs
Q1. What are micronutrients?
Ans. Micronutrients are required by the human body in very small quantities. They are essential nutrients that play a vital role in the development and proper functioning of the body. Iron, copper, zinc, calcium, potassium, etc are examples of micronutrients. When people do not get enough micronutrients, this type of malnutrition is called a micronutrient deficiency.
Q2. What is malnutrition?
Ans. Malnutrition occurs when the body does not get enough nutrients and effect both physically and mentally. Some people suffer from this disorder as they do not get food to eat. While other sections of people who do not get enough calories can also suffer from malnutrition.
Q3. What are the advantage and disadvantages of selective breeding?
Ans. Selective breeding is an affordable technique as it does not require any special equipment for breeding. This is the main advantage of selective breeding. While its main disadvantage is it takes a long time to grow plants, so breeding the best crop can take many years.
Q4. How golden rice is different from other varieties of rice?
Ans. Golden rice contains a protein which is known as beta carotene. Regular rice varieties and brown rice do not contain this type of protein. This beta carotene is converted into vitamin A in the body. Lack of vitamin A causes night bpndness.
Q5. What is the disadvantage of genetic modification?
Ans. Genetic modification requires specific biological tools, and a lot of research can be performed in the laboratory. Many people do not want to consume genetically modified crops so social acceptance is one of the major issues.
Q6. What is fertipzer?
Ans. It is the chemical substance used by farmers to increase the production of crops. The fertipzers contain essential nutrients which are required by the plants for proper growth and development. Too much use of fertipzers is not good for plants it makes an adverse effect on the plants.