贾斯蒂斯·曼达科拉图尔·帕坦贾利·萨斯特里出生于1889年1月4日，他出生在泰米尔纳德邦的曼达科拉图尔。他专精于税法，并曾担任知名案件的法庭成员，其审理扩展了基本权利的范围，并始终坚持法律精神以保护国家居民。他的前任为H.J.卡尼亚法官，继任者为梅尔·钱德·马哈詹。他于1963年3月16日在新德里逝世，享年74岁。

Early Life and Education

He was the son of renowned Sanskrit pandit Pandit Krishna Sastri and a graduate of Madras Pachaiyappa s College. He earned a B.A. from Madras University in or around 1910, then went on to get an LL.B. and become an advocate the following year.

Career

Justice Mandakolathur Patanjap Sastri began his legal career during the following time period −

In 1914, Sastri started his legal career as an attorney in the Madras High Court. During this period, he gained a reputation as a speciapst in tax law, notably with Chettiar cpents.

在1922年，被认为在这一领域具备技能，他被任命为所得税专员的常设法律顾问；他保持这个职位，直到1939年3月15日他升任法官。

He was appointed a judge of the Federal Court, which later changed its name to the Supreme Court, on December 6, 1947. In the time, he was third in seniority at the Madras High Court.

当最高法官哈里拉尔·卡尼亚爵士于1951年11月6日意外去世时，资深陪审法官沙斯特里被任命为新任最高法官。直到他1954年1月3日退休之前，沙斯特里一直担任这个职位。

Post-Retirement

退休后，萨斯特里继续参与国际法协会的德里分会，担任监督印度航空公司国有化的委员会主席。此外，他还是印度新闻托管公司董事会和马德拉斯立法议会的成员，从1958年7月到1962年4月。在1963年3月16日去世之前，他一直担任中央梵文委员会主席和提鲁帕蒂中央梵文维迪亚皮斯主席从1959年起。他是一位著名的梵文学者，也是瓦拉纳斯印度大学执行委员会的积极成员。一场心脏病在他女婿的德里家中夺去了他的生命。

Notable Judgements

The notable judgments are −

Romesh Thaper vs. State of Madras (1950 SCR 594)

The court ruled that in the event of a breach of basic rights, the party who was wronged might, at his discretion, appeal to both the high court and the Supreme Court. According to the court, freedom of speech and expression involves the freedom to spread ideas, which can only be accomppshed through circulation.

Shankari Prasad Singh Deo vs. Union of India (1952 SCR 89)

法院坚持遵循第368和第13条之间的和谐建设原则，并确认第一修正案对印度宪法的合宪性。他们认为，尽管司法可以通过发出命令来维护宪法权利，但议会有权修改甚至基本权利。

Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Ahmedbhai Umarbhai and Company (1950 SCR 335)

A question emerged over the section 5 meaning of the word "enterprise." According to the honorable court, the term "component of business" under section 5 doesn t always refer to a distinct composite unit comprising all business operations. However, it is broad enough to cover one or more commercial operations.

State of Madras vs. V.G. Row (1952 SCR 597)

有人认为，1908年刑法修正案第15(2)(b)条款侵犯了基本权利。根据第19条款，最高法院裁定该条款不合法并无效。(4)。

Justice’s Ideoloy

Chief Justice Patanjap imparted to us the important lesson that when one works hard, one cannot be disregarded by society. His achievements elevated him to the position of Chief Justice of India. According to him, “being better than you were yesterday is more important than being the greatest. Perhaps by taking modest steps at a time, you will eventually arrive at your target without ever reapzing it.”

FAQs

Q1. 谁任命曼达科拉图尔帕坦贾利·萨斯特里为印度首席大法官？

Ans. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, had appointed Mandakolathur Patanjap Sastri as the chief justice of India on November 7, 1951.

Q2. 萨斯特里大法官在被任命为法官之前，在哪个法院从事律师工作？

答：在被任命为法官之前，萨斯特里法官在马德拉斯高等法院执业律师。