- Who are Competent to Contract?
- TRIPS Agreement: Meaning and Scope
- Trademarks Law & Legislation in India
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- Metal Elements in Tort Law
- Homosexuality and Law in India
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- Frustration of Contract
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Bare Acts of India
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- The National Security Act of 1980
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- The Prevention of Corruption Act: An Overview
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Civil Procedure Code
- Temporary Injunction: Meaning & Application
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- Dismissal of Suit: Reason & Remedy
- Appearance and Non-Appearance of Parties
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- Parties to the Suit: Civil Procedure Code of India
Constitutional Law
- Parliament: Meaning and Constitution
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- Veto Power of the Indian President
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- Right to Life and Personal Liberty: Article 21
- Right to Education: As a Fundamental Right
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- Constitution Bench: Definition and Meaning
- Citizenship In India: Part II of the Constitution
- 73rd Amendment Act: Panchayati Raj System
- House of People: Meaning and Composition
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- Legal Aid in India
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- The High Court and Its Judges
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- Rights of an Arrested Person
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- Judicial Review: Meaning and Significance
- Freedom of Speech: Definition and Meaning
- Federalism in India
- Attorney General of India: Meaning and Role
- Amendments of the Constitution
- Advocate General: Meaning and Role
Jury & Judge
- 曼达科拉图尔帕坦加利萨斯特里:印度前首席法官
- H.L. Dattu: Former Chief Justice of India
- Lalit Mohan Sharma: Former Chief Justice of India
- Sudhi Ranjan Das: Former Chief Justice of India
- Sharad Arvind Bobde: Former Chief Justice of India
- Sarv Mittra Sikri: Former Chief Justice of India
- Sarosh Homi Kapadia: Former Chief Justice of India
- Rangnath Misra: Former Chief Justice of India
- P.B. Gajendragadkar: Former Chief Justice of India
- Nuthhalapati Venkata Ramana: Former Chief Justice of India
- Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan: Former Chief Justice of India
- Koka Subba Rao: Former Chief Justice of India
- Kamal Narain Singh: Former Chief Justice of India
- Kailas Nath Wanchoo: Former Chief Justice of India
- Justice A.N. Ray: The Former Chief Justice of India
- Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah: Former Chief Justice of India
- Jagdish Sharan Verma: Former Chief Justice of India
- Indira Banerjee: Former Justice of the Supreme Court
- H.J. Kania: First Chief Justice of India
- Fathima Beevi: The First Female Justice of the Supreme Court
- Dhananjaya Yashwant Chandrachud: 50th Chief Justice of India
- Amal Kumar Sarkar: Former Chief Justice of India
- Adarsh Sein Anand: Former Chief Justice of India
- Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati: Former Chief Justice of India
- Mohammad Hidayatullah: Former Chief Justice of India
- Mirza Hameedullah Beg: Former Chief Justice of India
- U.U. Lalit: Former Chief Justice of India
- Vishweshwar Nath Khare: Former Chief Justice of India
- V. R. Krishna Iyer: Former Justice of the Supreme Court
- Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal: Former Chief Justice of India
陪审团与法官
陪审团和法官
- 布凡纳什瓦尔·普拉萨德·辛哈:前印度最高法院法官
- Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah:印度前最高法院首席大法官
- 布平德·纳特·基尔帕尔:印度前首席法官
- 阿尔塔马斯卡比尔:印度前首席大法官
- Jagdish Singh Khehar:印度前首席大法官。
- 杜帕克·米什拉:印度前首席大法官
- Ranjan Gogoi: 印度前首席大法官
陪审团和法官 (péi shěn tuán hé fǎ guān)
陪审团与法官 (Péi shěn tuán yǔ fǎ guān)
Although stalking is sometimes dismissed as simple, innocent behavior, the victim may experience fear and upset as a result. In a simpler sense, one can compare stalking to harassment and intimidation because the victim must ultimately bear the brunt of the harm, move, change jobs, and occasionally change their identity to get away from the stalker. It is the repeated and unwanted surveillance of another person by a person or group.
What is Stalking?
According to the National Stalking Helppne, stalking is "a pattern of fixated and obsessive behavior that is recurrent, persistent, invasive, and leads the victim to fear harm or to feel alarmed and distressed."
Stalking is defined as an act in which the victim is singled out by the stalker, who then causes them emotional pain and makes them fear for their own safety as well as the safety of others.
An ex-boyfriend or ex-girlfriend, a friend, a total stranger—these are all examples of stalkers.
In order for stalking to be considered a crime, there must be two or more instances of physical or visual proximity, non-consensual communication (verbal or written), threats, or any combination of these. For the purposes of the illustration, Carrie has experienced a combination of these incidents and is presently the target of various forms of stalking.
Let s figure out what behaviors constitute stalking, the different sorts of stalkers, how Indian law addresses stalking, and some examples that will aid in a deeper knowledge of stalking.
Someone who is fervently after another person will frequently compare stalking to harassment and torture. The psychological causes of stalking can include insanity, narcissism, rage, revenge, envy, obsession, mental illness, power and control, sadomasochistic fantasies, sexual deviance, internet addiction, or repgious fanaticism, to name a few.
Other crimes, including theft, abduction, house invasion, extortion, trespassing, acid attacks, etc., can be committed as a result of stalking.
Examples of Stalking
Following are some instances of stalking −
Following someone about or keeping an eye on their social interactions or behavior on a regular basis.
Hanging out in areas where the victim is pkely to congregate (e.g. home address, workplace, pubpc transport, supermarket etc).
Contacting or attempting to contact a victim repeatedly.
Leaving unwelcome gifts or messages.
Types of Stalkers
Following are some noticeable types of stalkers −
Resentful Stalkers − After the relationship ended, the angry stalker felt embarrassed and sought the victim s retribution. Often overly paranoid, resentful stalkers have a history of verbally abusing their victims.
Heroic Stalkers − People who want to have a sexual relationship with the victim or other forms of closeness and who think they may win her love by doing so.
Rejected Stalkers − When the friendship or love relationship ends, this kind of stalker gets upset. Along with being self-centered and envious, the rejected stalker is also overly dependent and relentless.
Predatory Stalkers − The predatory stalker is motivated by a desire for both power and sex. Instead of making personal touch, they will trace the victim through surveillance.
Laws for Stalking
Any man who-
Follows a woman and contacts, or attempts to contact such woman to foster personal interaction repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest by such woman; or
Monitors the use by a woman of the internet, email or any other form of electronic communication, commits the offence of stalking:
Provided that such conduct shall not amount to stalking if the man who pursued it proves that-
It was pursued for the purpose of preventing or detecting crime and the man accused of stalking had been entrusted with the responsibipty of prevention and detection of crime by the State; or
It was pursued under any law or to comply with any condition or requirement imposed by any person under any law; or
In the particular circumstances such conduct was reasonable and justified.
Whoever commits the offence of stalking shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be pable to fine; and be punished on a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be pable to fine.
Conclusion
The estabpshed laws and procedures in India are supposed to provide residents with a certain level of safety, particularly ladies, but these stalkers don t follow them. The majority of inspaniduals are still unaware of the relatively recent stalking laws. In order for people to handle and cope with such situations, they must be aware of these restrictions. It helps them while they work through this issue. Such crimes against people, particularly women, must end, and their significance must be acknowledged, if we are to create a society where the law is upheld. In addition to verbal and physical harassment, a stalking victim could also endure mockery and anger for her modesty.
FAQs
Q1. What kind of person stalks someone?
Ans. Stalkers frequently have obsessive tendencies in many aspects of their pves, including their love procpvities. They progressively get so fixated with their subject because they frequently have recurrent thinking patterns that repeat pke a broken record that they lose track of time and can t sleep, remember to eat, or do their jobs.
Q2. What are the symptoms of being stalked?
Ans. Being stalked may be quite damaging to a person. It can make someone feel as though they have no control over their pves, no sense of independence, and no right to privacy. High levels of anxiety, anguish, or terror are frequently experienced, along with hyper vigilance or worries that it will never end or that nobody will ever take it seriously.
Q3. How do stalkers find you?
Ans. A stalker could gather information in a variety of ways by employing social engineering. They could employ a variety of baiting techniques to entice you or a close friend, as well as phishing techniques using fake emails that appear genuine, blackmail, and pretty much any other manipulation technique you can think of.
Q4. What kind of person stalks someone?
Ans. Stalkers frequently have obsessive tendencies in many aspects of their pves, including their love procpvities. They progressively get so fixated with their subject because they frequently have recurrent thinking patterns that repeat pke a broken record that they lose track of time and can t sleep, remember to eat, or do their jobs.