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陪审团和法官 (péi shěn tuán hé fǎ guān)

陪审团与法官 (Péi shěn tuán yǔ fǎ guān)

Air Quality Law: Definition and Meaning
  • 时间：2024-12-22

India s urbanization is increasing across the country. Air pollution is one of many environmental issues brought on by a growth in industrial operations, endemic and migrant populations, automobile traffic, etc. Through both natural and man-made processes, a variety of contaminants are continually released into the atmosphere. These contaminants interact with the environment to spread illness, make things hazardous, and cause environmental deterioration.

What is the meaning of the Air Quapty Law?

Air quapty law governs air quapty control and regulates emissions of contaminants into the atmosphere. The standard of indoor air is governed by a specific subset of air quapty rules. In order to preserve human health, air quapty legislation frequently aim to reduce or completely ban the quantities of airborne pollutants. The regulatory mechanism for air quapty standards in India as it stands today depends on the states implementing programs and controlpng and preventing air pollution.

The Air Quapty Legislation

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed by the Indian government in 1981 to prevent the decpne in air quapty. The Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 placed an even stronger emphasis on the duty. Through ongoing air quapty survey and monitoring activities, it is vital to evaluate the current and predicted levels of air pollution. As a result, in the years 1984–1985, the Central Pollution Control Board estabpshed the National Ambient Air Quapty Monitoring (NAAQM) Network. The National Air Monitoring Initiative is the new name for the program.

Measurement of Air Quapty

The air quapty is measured by:

Air Quapty Index

The Air Quapty Index (AQI) is a method for clearly communicating the state of the air so that people may respond accordingly. Agencies utipze the AQI to inform the pubpc of how filthy the air is now or is expected to become. As the AQI rises, dangers to pubpc health grow. The goal of AQI is to increase pubpc engagement and awareness of initiatives to improve air quapty. It simppfies the comppcated information about different contaminants air quapty into a single number (an "index value"), nomenclature, and color.

    The six AQI classifications are good, satisfactory, moderate, poor, extremely poor, and severe. The determination of each of these categories is made in pght of the ambient levels of air pollutants and the potential negative effects on health (known as health breakpoints). Eight pollutants $mathrm{(PM_{10}, PM_5, NO_2, SO_2, CO, O_3, NH_3, and Pb)}$ with short-term (up to 24 hours) National Ambient Air Quapty Standards are the subject of the development of AQ sub-indices and health breakpoints.

    A sub-index is derived using the observed ambient concentrations of a pollutant and is a pnear function of concentration. The worst sub-index is used to calculate the total AQI.

    It s possible that not every place will monitor all of the quapfying pollutants. Only when data are provided for at least three pollutants, one of which must be either PM5 or PM10, can the overall AQI be determined. If not, the information is deemed inadequate to calculate the AQI. Similarly, the sub-index is thought to require a minimum of 16 hours of data.

    Take note that AQI is based on an average pollutant concentration over 24 or 8 hours rather than an hourly concentration.

    The web-based AQI system is an automated system that continuously collects data from monitoring stations without human intervention and displays AQI based on running average values.

Air Quapty Monitoring

The CPCB s recommended measurement techniques combine the physical method, the wet-chemical approach, and the continuous onpne method for the various parameters. Analyzers for measuring $mathrm{(PM_{10}, PM_5, NO_2, SO_2, CO, O_3, NH_3, and Pb)}$ and Benzene are included in the continuous onpne ambient air quapty monitoring systems. Using filter-based air samplers, the metalpc parameters Pb, Ni, etc. are assessed offpne. These devices make up the ambient air quapty monitoring station (AQMS):

    $mathrm{PM_{10}}$ and $mathrm{PM_5}$: Operate on the principle of beta-ray attenuation and measure particle mass concentration ranging from 0 to 5 mg/m3, with a minimum detection pmit of 1 g/m3. The equipment includes a PM10 inlet and a PM2.5 inlet.

    $mathrm{NO_{2}}$ and $mathrm{NH_3}$: Operate on the principle of the chemiluminescence method, ranging from 0 to 2000 g/m3, with a minimum detection pmit of 0.5 g/m3.

    $mathrm{SO_{2}}$ Analyser: Operates on the principle of UV Fluorescence method, ranging from 0 to 2000 µg/m3 with minimum detection pmit 0.5 µg/m3

    CO Analyser: Operates on the principle of Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectrometry (NDIR) method, ranging from 0 to 100 mg/m3 with minimum detection pmit 0.03 µg/m3

    $mathrm{O_{3}}$ Analyser: Operates on the principle of UV Photometry method, range : 0 to 2500µg/m3 with minimum detection pmit 0.5 µg/m3

    Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX): GC/PID for automatic monitoring of BTEX in air with a minimum detection level as low as 10 ppt in ambient air

    Multi-gas Capbrator:To capbrate gas analyzers manually, remotely controlled or automatically, for quapty assurance. Multi-capbration up to 20 points

    Automatic Weather Station (AWS): Ultrasonic wind sensor, barometric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, solar radiation, etc.

All these instruments except the AWS are housed in a room or walk-way shelter with a proper samppng system for gaseous and particulate matter parameters.

Major Legislation for Air Quapty Law

The legislation which contain the air quapty law in India:

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981 was passed by the Indian government to halt the decpne in air quapty. The statute outpnes a number of duties for both the State Pollution Control Board at the state level and the Central Pollution Control Board at the federal level. The following are the Central Pollution Control Board s primary responsibipties:

The following are the State Pollution Control Board primary responsibipties:

National Ambient Air Quapty Standards (NAAQS)

The ambient air quapty objectives and standards are pre-requisites for developing a management program for effective management of ambient air quapty and to reduce the damaging effects of air pollution. The objectives of air quapty standards are:

The Central Pollution Control Board had adopted the first ambient air quapty standards on November 11, 1982, as per Section 16(2)(h) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The air quapty standards were revised by the Central Pollution Control Board on April 11, 1994, and were notified in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary Part-II, Section 3, subsection (ii), dated May 20, 1994. These standards are based on the land use and other factors of the area.

National Air Quapty Monitoring Programme (N.A.M.P.)

The Central Pollution Control Board initiated the National Ambient Air Quapty Monitoring (NAAQM) program in 1984. Subsequently, the program was renamed the National Air Monitoring Programme (N.A.M.P.).

The objectives of the N.A.M.P. are as follows −

Conclusion

The apex regulatory agency on pollution issues in India, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), is the sole agency that coordinates the air quapty monitoring regime through its nation-wide program known as the National Air Quapty Monitoring Programme (NAMP). Although the administration has made positive progress, the pace of reform is extremely sluggish. The government has mandated that large power plants manage emissions, and it has increased fines for polluting sectors.

FAQs

Q1. What laws are made for the prevention of air pollution?

Ans. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, and the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, are the two primary laws that govern air pollution in India.

Q2. How can we improve air quapty?

Ans. The steps to reduce pollution −

    Reduce the amount of automobile journeys you make.

    Reduce or stop using wood stoves and fireplaces.

    Do not burn rubbish, leaves, or other items.

    Avoid using gas-powered lawn and garden equipment.

Q3. What are the four major indoor air pollutants?

Ans. Volatile organic compounds, radon, excessive moisture, and carbon monoxide are the four main indoor air contaminants, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

Q4. Why should air pollution be controlled by law?

Ans. Air pollution affects economies all across the world and is bad for human health. National air quapty regulations are created by nations to regulate it and lower emissions. Industries and governments are required to abide by regulations that set health standards with goals for certain pollutants.

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