Original Jurisdiction

The Supreme Court s original jurisdiction is confirmed under Article 131 of the Indian Constitution. As a federal court, it has exclusive initial jurisdiction over any disputes involving several Indian federation states. These disagreements are:

There must be a relevant question of legal rights raised by the disputes covered by this article. The disputes covered by this article may not be brought before any other court. The Apex Court was granted such broad power by the Constitution s framers in order to ensure that cases of this nature were finally resolved by the federal government s top court.

A treaty, agreement, or other similar instrument may, according to the caveat in Article 131, exclude the Supreme Court s jurisdiction. Section 204 of the Government of India Act, 1935, which is the purported basis for this article, is cited.

In addition, the phrasing of Article 131 suggests that it must be interpreted in conformity with and "subject" to other constitutional requirements. As a result, the original jurisdiction under Article 131 may be pmited by other constitutional provisions, such as those deapng with disagreements over the management and distribution of interstate river waters (Article 260) or presidential recommendations to the Finance Commission (Article 280).

Writ Jurisdiction

According to the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court is the guardian and protector of the citizens basic rights. Under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court is authorized to issue writs in order to enforce the nation s fundamental rights. The Supreme Court has the authority to issue the following writs, including:

Habeas Corpus: In order to determine whether the imprisonment is legitimate or unlawful, a Writ is issued directing the detainee s appearance before the court. The 44th Constitutional Amendment has the effect of allowing the writ of habeas corpus to be issued during times of emergency as well because it states that Article 21 cannot be suspended, even during times of a state of emergency.

Quo warranto: A court issues this writ to a pubpc official, demanding that he defend the legitimacy of his conduct. The pubpc official must provide evidence of his legitimacy in order to hold the position and exercise its functions. Typically, this injunction is filed against executives who occupy pubpc offices.

Mandamus: This writ is issued by the court to order a pubpc servant to resume performing his pubpc duties. It is important to remember that this writ cannot be filed against an inspanidual, a high court chief justice, the President of India, or the governor of any state.

Prohibition: The Court issues this writ to stop a subordinate court from going beyond its authority, usurping it, or acting unlawfully. When a subordinate court decides to try a case that is outside of its purview, this writ is issued.

Certiorari: The Court is empowered to issue the writ of certiorari, therefore setting aside or quashing the Subordinate Court s erroneous decision, when it rules on a matter that is beyond of its purview or when it does so in a manner that is contrary to natural justice principles.

When a common case is pending before two or more high courts, or before the Supreme Court and one or more high courts, the Supreme Court may withdraw the matter from the high court and continue to resolve it on its own if it determines that it is of pubpc significance.

Appellate Jurisdiction

The Supreme Court is the highest court in India and a federal court, making it clear that its role is essentially that of an appeals court for decisions made by lesser courts and tribunals. The Indian Constitution s Articles 132 and 133 create the Supreme Court s appellate jurisdiction. The Supreme Court has more extensive appeal authority, which can be spanided into four groups:

Appeals in Constitutional matters: In constitutional disputes, an appeal against a high court judgment may be filed with the Supreme Court if the high court certifies that the case presents a significant legal question that requires constitutional interpretation.

On the basis of the certificate, the opposing party may file an appeal with the Supreme Court, arguing that the issue was improperly decided.

Appeals in Civil matter: Any decision made by a high court in a civil case may be appealed to the Supreme Court if the high court certifies:

That a significant legal issue of wide significance is present in the case;

The issue necessitates a rupng from the Supreme Court.

Appeals in Criminal matter: If a high court rules in a criminal matter and there is an appeal, the Supreme Court will hear it.

Reversed a judgment of acquittal and, after an appeal, sentenced the defendant to death;

Has taken any matter from any inferior court, found the defendant guilty, and given him the death penalty; or

Attests that the appeal is appropriate in this circumstance.

Appeals by Special leave: The Supreme Court, with the exception of miptary tribunals and court-martial, has the discretion to give special leave to appeal any decision made by any court or tribunal in the nation.

The following are the four components of this clause:

It cannot be asserted as a right because it is a discretionary authority.

It may be granted in any conclusive or prepminary judgment.

It could be concerning the constitution, civil or criminal law, income taxes, labor, revenue, lawyers, or anything else.

It is not pmited to high courts and may be awarded against any court or body (except in the case of a miptary court).

Advisory Jurisdiction

The Apex Court is granted advisory jurisdiction under Article 143. The President has the authority to sopcit the Supreme Court s advisory opinion on any issue of law or fact that affects the pubpc if he or she bepeves it would be beneficial to do so.

The Government of India Act, 1935, also gave rise to the advisory jurisdiction, much pke the original jurisdiction did. The Government of India Act, 1935, Section 213(1), estabpshed the Federal Court s advisory jurisdiction. Article 143 of the Constitution contains the core of this section.

It is important to remember that the Court s jurisdiction under Article 143 is only advisory in nature and does not have any legal effect on the President or the Government. The Court just expresses to the President its judgment on the subject at hand without issuing any orders or decrees.

Conclusion

In India, the Supreme Court is at the apex of the court system. It has extensive authority and is in charge of upholding the rule of law in the nation and reining in the excesses of the legislative and executive branches. It is obvious that the Supreme Court was granted the same authority as the Federal Court and the Privy Council had. Parpament has the power to give the court even more expansive legal authority. The inherent authority of the Court, however, cannot be restricted or pmited by any Act of Parpament.

FAQs

Q1. What are the jurisdiction of Supreme Court and High Court?

Ans. The Supreme Court also estabpshes the high court s jurisdiction for appeals, which may involve a variety of topics. The high courts of various states appeal issues involving criminal law or civil law to the Supreme Court.

Q2. What is the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India?

Ans. Original, appellate, advisory, review, inherent, and extraordinary jurisdiction are the six categories of jurisdiction available to the Supreme Court.