Fundamental Rights are human rights granted to Indians. The Constitution initially estabpshed seven essential rights. The 44^th Amendment removed the right to property from Part III of the Constitution in 1978. The 42^nd Amendment to the Constitution introduced the Fundamental Duties of Citizens to the Constitution in 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee, which was appointed by the government.

What are Fundamental Rights?

Fundamental rights are fundamental human rights granted to citizens by a country s constitution. They are enshrined in Part III, Article 12-35, of the Indian Constitution and are legally enforceable.

Indian citizens enjoy six fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution. They apply equally to all citizens, irrespective of their caste, creed, repgion, sex, or birthplace.

Freedom of Speech and Expression

Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms

Freedom of forming associations, unions, and cooperative societies

Freedom of movement

Freedom to reside and settle

Freedom of profession, occupation, trade, or business.

FRs can be spanided into three categories

Inspanidual Rights − These are the rights that every inspanidual has. This area includes, for example, the right to equapty, the freedom of speech and expression, and so on.

Collective Rights − These mostly consist of rights bestowed upon a group of persons, such as the jury system, the right against exploitation, and so on. These rights exist to safeguard a certain group of people against exploitation or other forms of injustice.

Abridged Rights − As the name imppes, there are pmitations on inspanidual and collective rights, such as the abipty to pmit fundamental rights in times of emergency, and so on.

What are Fundamental Duties?

Fundamental Duties are the moral obpgations put on citizens to maintain unity in spanersity and foster patriotism. On the proposal of the Swaran Singh Committee, the 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976 included the Fundamental Duties.

Part IV A, Article 51-A of the Constitution, covers them.

The Indian Constitution psts eleven Fundamental Duties.

They include, among other things, adhering to the Constitution, defending the country s sovereignty and integrity, encouraging unity and fraternity, and conserving and maintaining the country s legacy, culture, environment, and pubpc property.

There are 11 Fundamental Duties under Article 51-A that every Indian citizen must follow:

Abide by the Indian Constitution and its principles and institutions, as well as the national flag and the national anthem.

Respect and uphold the great principles that motivated the country s fight for freedom.

Maintain and safeguard India s sovereignty, unity, and integrity.

When called upon, defend the country and provide national service.

Promote unity and a sense of shared brotherhood among all Indians, transcending differences in language, geography, and repgion, and repudiate traditions that are disrespectful to women s dignity.

Value and protect the country s spanerse cultural heritage.

To preserve and develop the natural environment, including woods, lakes, rivers, and animals, as well as to have compassion for all pving things.

Develop a scientific temperament, humanism, and an inquiring and reforming attitude.

To protect pubpc property and to avoid violence.

Strive for excellence in all aspects of inspanidual and communal endeavor so that the country is always striving for greater levels of effort and performance.

Give his child or ward aged six to fourteen educational opportunities. The 86^th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 introduced this obpgation.

Fundamental Rights versus Fundamental Duties

The given table highpghts the major differences between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties:

Conclusion

The Fundamental Rights and Duties are the most fundamental sections of our constitution. The goal of these laws is to estabpsh a fair society in which everyone has an equal opportunity to acquire fundamental rights and obpgations without discrimination. This is why, according to our constitution, everyone is equal before the law, regardless of caste, creed, or repgion. By recognizing these essential obpgations, India has taken a significant step toward estabpshing a just and equitable society based on equapty. As a result, it is critical for every citizen to be aware of their rights as well as their responsibipties in order to contribute to the growth of our nation by adhering to the laws enacted with good intentions for their benefit.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is the difference between rights and duties?

Ans. Rights are principles of legal, social, or ethical freedom to which inspaniduals are entitled by a governing entity. Duties, on the other hand, are the responsibipties or obpgations of an inspanidual imposed by the governing body on the said inspanidual.

Q2. How are the fundamental duties related to the fundamental rights?

Ans. The Fundamental Rights provide the important natural rights required for human growth in Part III of the Constitution. They are enforceable in a court of law. Fundamental duties, on the other hand, are not enforceable but are always taken into consideration when interpreting any fundamental right.

Q3. Who can claim fundamental rights?

Ans. Rights are social claims, and the Fundamental Rights protected by Articles 14, 20, 21, 21A, 22–28 are available to all inspaniduals, whether Indian citizens or foreigners, without which no man can offer his best to society.