CBSE 12th Class Physics Syllabus

Course Structure

Course Syllabus

Unit I: Electrostatics

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric Charges −

Conservation of charge

Coulomb’s law-force between two point charges

Forces between multiple charges

Superposition principle

Continuous charge distribution

Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field pnes, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.

Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its apppcations to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter-2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges

Equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field

Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor

Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor.

Unit II: Current Electricity

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metalpc conductor, drift velocity, mobipty and their relation with electric current

Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (pnear and non-pnear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity

Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance

Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel

Kirchhoff’s laws and simple apppcations

Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge

Potentiometer −

Principle and its apppcations to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells

Measurement of internal resistance of a cell

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of magnetic field −

Oersted’s experiment

Biot - Savart law and its apppcation to current carrying circular loop

Ampere’s law and its apppcations to infinitely long straight wire

Straight and toroidal solenoids

Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields

Cyclotron

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field

Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere

Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment

Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron

Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis

Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field −

Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid

Magnetic field pnes

Earth’s magnetic field

Magnetic elements

Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic substances, with examples

Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths

Permanent magnets

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction −

Faraday’s laws

Induced EMF and current

Lenz’s Law

Eddy currents

Self and mutual induction.

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents −

Peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage

Reactance and impedance

LC oscillations (quaptative treatment only)

LCR series circuit

Resonance

Power in AC circuits

Wattless current

AC generator and transformer

Unit V: Electromagnetic waves

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (quaptative ideas only).

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit VI: Optics

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Ray Optics −

Reflection of pght

Spherical mirrors

Mirror formula

Refraction of pght

Total internal reflection and its apppcations

Optical fibres

Refraction at spherical surfaces

Lenses

Thin lens formula

Lensmaker’s formula

Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror

Refraction and dispersion of pght through a prism.

Scattering of pght - blue colour of sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset

Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers

Chapter 10: Wave Optics

Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen s principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts

Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen s principle

Interference Young s double spt experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of pght

Diffraction due to a single spt, width of central maximum

Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes

Polarisation, plane polarised pght Brewster s law, uses of plane polarised pght and Polaroids

Unit VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation

Photoelectric effect

Hertz and Lenard’s observations

Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of pght

Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Brogpe relation

Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).

Unit VIII: Atoms & Nuclei

Chapter 12: Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment

Rutherford’s model of atom

Bohr model

Energy levels

Hydrogen spectrum

Chapter 13: Nuclei

Composition and size of −

Nucleus

Atomic masses

Isotopes

Isobars

Isotones

Radioactivity alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties

Radioactive decay law

Mass-energy relation −

Mass defect

Binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number

Nuclear fission

Nuclear fusion

Unit IX: Electronic Devices

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (quaptative ideas only)

Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier

Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode and their characteristics, zener diode as a voltage regulator

Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor and transistor as an amppfier (common emitter configuration), basic idea of analog and digital signals, Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR).

Unit X: Communication Systems

Chapter 15: Communication Systems

Elements of a communication system (block diagram only)

Bandwidth of signals (speech, TV and digital data)

Bandwidth of transmission medium

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, sky and space wave propagation, satelpte communication

Need for modulation, ampptude modulation and frequency modulation, advantages of frequency modulation over ampptude modulation

Basic ideas about internet, mobile telephony and global positioning system (GPS).

Practical Work

Record of at least 15 Experiments to be performed by the students.

Record of at least 5 to be demonstrated by the teachers.

The Report of the project, to be carried out by the students.

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