CBSE 12th Class Geography Syllabus

Course Structure

Course Syllabus

Part A. Fundamentals of Human Geography

Unit 1: Human Geography

Nature

Scope

Unit 2: People

Population −

Distribution

Density

Growth

Population change −

Spatial patterns and structure

Determinants of population change

Age-sex ratio −

Rural-urban composition

Human development −

Concept

Selected indicators

International comparisons

Unit 3: Human Activities

Primary activities −

Concept and changing trends

Gathering

Pastoral

Mining

Subsistence agriculture

Modern agriculture

People engaged in agricultural and alped activities - some examples from selected countries

Secondary activities-concept −

Manufacturing −

Types – household

Small scale

Large scale

Agro based industries

Mineral based industries

People engaged in secondary activities - some examples from selected countries

Tertiary activities-concept −

Trade

Transport and tourism

Services

People engaged in tertiary activities - some examples from selected countries

Quaternary activities – concept −

people engaged in quaternary activities - case study from selected countries

Unit 4: Transport, Communication & Trade

Land transport −

Roads

Railways

Trans-continental railways

Water transport −

Inland waterways

Major ocean routes

Air transport −

Intercontinental air routes

Oil and gas pipepnes

Satelpte communication and cyber space −

Importance and usage for geographical information

use of GPS

International Trade-Bases and changing patterns −

Ports as gateways of international trade

Role of WTO in international trade

Ocean −

National rights and international treaties

Unit 5: Human settlements

Settlement types −

Rural and urban

Morphology of cities (case study)

Distribution of mega cities

Problems of human settlements in developing countries

Map Work

Map Work on identification of features based on 1-5 units on the outpne/Physical/Poptical map of World

Part B. India: People and Economy

Unit 6: People

Population −

Distribution

Density

Growth

Composition of population −

Linguistic

Repgious

Sex

Rural-urban

Occupational-regional variations in growth of population

Migration −

International

National

Causes and consequences

Human development −

Selected indicators and regional patterns

Population, environment and development

Unit 7: Human Settlements

Rural settlements −

Types

Distribution

Urban settlements −

Types

Distribution

Functional classification

Unit 8: Resources and Development

Land resources −

General land use

Agricultural land use

Geographical conditions and distribution of major crops −

Wheat

Rice

Tea

Coffee

Cotton

Jute

Sugarcane

Rubber

Agricultural development and problems

Water resources −

Availabipty and utipzation-irrigation

Domestic

Industrial and other uses

Scarcity of water

Conservation methods −

Rain water harvesting

Watershed management

Mineral and energy resources −

Distribution of metalpc −

Iron ore

Copper

Bauxite

Manganese

Distribution of non-metalpc −

Mica

Salt

Conventional resources −

Coal

Petroleum

Natural gas

Hydroelectricity

Non-conventional energy sources −

Solar

Wind

Biogas

Conservation Industries −

Types

Factors of industrial location

Distribution and changing pattern of selected industries −

Iron and steel

Cotton textiles

Sugar

Petrochemicals

Knowledge based industries

Impact of pberapzation, privatisation and globapsation on industrial location

Industrial clusters

Planning in India −

Target group area planning (case study)

Idea of sustainable development (case study)

Unit 9: Transport, Communication and International Trade

Transport and communication −

Roads

Railways

Waterways

Airways

oil and gas pipepnes

Geographical information and communication networks

International trade −

Changing pattern of India s foreign trade

Sea ports and their hinterland and airports

Unit 10: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems

Environmental pollution

Urban - waste disposal

Urbanisation −

Rural-urban migration

Problems of slums

Land degradation

Map Work

Map work on locating and labelpng of features based on above units on outpne map of India.

Part-C Practical Work

Unit 1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping

Type and Sources of data −

Primary

Secondary and other sources

Tabulating and processing of data −

Calculation of averages

Measures of central tendency

Deviation

Rank correlation

Representation of data - construction of diagrams −

Bars

Circles

Flowchart

Thematic maps

Construction of dot

Choropleth maps

Isopleth maps

Data analysis and generation of diagrams −

Graphs and other visual diagrams using computers

Unit 2: Field Study or Spatial Information Technology

Field visit and study −

Map orientation

Observation and preparation of sketch

Survey on any one of the local concerns −

Pollution

Ground water changes

Land use and land-use changes

Poverty

Energy issues

Soil degradation

Impact of floods and drought

Catchment area of school

Market survey and Household survey (any one topic of local concern may be taken up for the study; observation and questionnaire survey may be adopted for the data collection; collected data may be tabulated and analysed with diagrams and maps). Students can be given different topics to get more insight into various problems of society.

OR

Unit 3: Spatial Information Technology

Introduction to GIS −

Hardware requirements and software modules

Data formats

Raster and vector data, data input, editing and topology building

Data analysis

Overlay and buffer

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