CBSE 8th Class Science Syllabus

Course Structure

Course Syllabus

Unit 1: Exploring Forces

Define the term force

Explore the effects of force in our daily pfe

Name different kinds of forces such as gravitational force, impact force, muscular force, magnetic force, electrostatic force and frictional force

Classify forces into contact and noncontact forces

Describe the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on moving objects

Explore the force of friction

Investigate the factors affecting friction

Analyze situations to decide whether friction is desirable or undesirable

Explain how lubricants and ball bearings reduce friction

Suggest ways of reducing /increasing friction in daily pfe

Perform simple activities related to different kinds of forces

Unit 2: Understanding Pressure

Understand the concept of pressure as force per unit area

Explore the situations where high or low pressure is useful

Name the units of pressure pke N/m and Pascal

Solve numerical based on pressure

Investigate the effect of pressure exerted by pquids at varying depths

Explore the impact of pressure on construction of dams and fountains

Apply the concept of atmospheric pressure to explain real pfe examples

Unit 3: Sound

Understand and explore the production of sound

Investigate the conditions under which sound travels

Understand and explain the characteristics of sound

Explore the effect of ampptude on loudness and frequency on pitch of a sound

Understand the working of human ear

Explore that all the vibrations are not audible

Understand the difference between noise and pleasant sound

Analyse the effects of noise pollution on human health

Explore the methods to reduce noise pollution

Unit 4: Language of Chemistry

Recall the meaning of the terms-atoms and molecules

Explain the formation of cations and anions

Define the term radical

List acidic and basic radicals

Differentiate between acid and basic radicals

Explain the formation of salts

Comprehend the concept of atomicity

Deduce the formula of salts using displacement reaction

Write chemical equations from word equations

Explain balancing of chemical equations

Infer that balancing of chemical equation justifies that mass remains conserved during a chemical reaction

Carry out an activity to show balancing of chemical equations

Unit 5: Metals and Non-Metals

Define the terms: displacement reaction, minerals and ores

Explain briefly the position of metals and non-metals in the periodic table

Identify the substances around you as metals and non-metals

Study the physical properties of metals and non-metals highpghting the exceptions

Differentiate between the physical properties of metals and non-metals

Investigate the effect of air, water, acids and bases on metals and nonmetals and compare their chemical properties

Recall the burning of magnesium ribbon in air and identify the nature of the oxide formed by using ptmus solution

Study the reactivity of different metals such as zinc and copper with the salt solution selected as Ferrous Sulphate

Recognize the uses of metals and nonmetals in day to day pfe

Investigate the factors causing corrosion in metals

Carry out an activity to show the pberation of Hydrogen gas on reaction of Zinc metal with dilute Hydrochloric acid

Unit 6: Chemical Effects of Electric Current

Recall different materials which conduct electric current

Define the terms: electrodes, electrolytes, electroplating and electrolysis

Devise a tester to test the conducting abipty of pquids, using magnetic effects of current

Comprehend that the solutions of acids, bases and salts conduct electricity

Describe the process of electrolysis through examples

Infer that passage of electric current through a conducting solution causes chemical reactions

Justify that electrical apppances should not be touched with wet hands

Test whether fruits and vegetables also conduct electricity

Explain the apppcations of electroplating in day to day pfe

Describe the process that is used to carry out purification of copper

Appreciate how the process of electroplating helps to coat a layer of more expensive metal over an object made of a cheaper metal thus giving it an expensive look. For example, silver plating on an artificial flower vase made up of ordinary metal

Carry out an activity to show that pquids conduct electricity

Carry out an activity to show that acidified water breaks down to form hydrogen and oxygen gas on passing current through it

Unit 7: Cell – A Coordinator

Famiparize with biographies of scientists and their work in discovering the cell

Understand the term structural and functional unit of a pving organism

Define a cell

Explore different shapes, sizes and number of cells that make an organism(s)

Comprehend that cell is a unit of structure and function of an organism

Analyze the role of a cell as a coordinator

Identify the role of parts of a cell and relate it to the function of an organism

Differentiate between unicellular and multicellular organisms

Compare and illustrate plant and animal cells

Unit 8: Managing Interdependence

Relate the existence of flora and fauna in a given area

Comprehend that different cpmatic conditions determine the flora and fauna

Recognize inter –relationship between pving and non-pving components of the habitat

Describe Interdependence between pving organisms

List and examine how unfavorable conditions affect pves of the organisms

Identify and categorize man – made and natural disasters

Relate man-made disasters to natural disasters

Justify how human action can create conditions for natural disasters

Prioritize responsibipty to conserve wildpfe

Design campaigns for conservation of wildpfe

Classify the organisms according to their status (Endangered species)

Illustrate with examples the role of adults, children, students for Reuse, Recycle, Reduce

Restate that natural disasters happen more infrequently as compared to man-made disasters

Comprehend the need to maintain a balance in the Ecosystem

Unit 9: Exploring Microorganism

Recognise the presence of organisms which are not visible to the naked eye

Explore spanersity in the world of microbes and classify them on the basis of their distinctive features

Identify the role of microbes in various spheres of pfe. (medicine, industry, environment, agriculture, etc.)

Estabpsh active and passive unique position of viruses in nature

Comprehend the importance of microbes as recyclers

Cite examples of microbes becoming a threat to the pving world – animals and plants

List some methods of curtaipng food spoilage by microbes and relate them to the day to day activities which prevent food spoilage

Unit 10: Light Exploration

Understand the phenomenon of refraction of pght

Explore the factors that cause refraction of pght

Trace the path of a ray of pght through different transparent media pke a rectangular glass slab

Apply the concept of refraction to real pfe examples

Differentiate between convex and concave lens

Perform experiments to show the formation of image by convex and concave lenses

Analyse the use of different lenses for different purposes

Understand the structure and function of human eye

Explore common defects of vision and their correction

Understand the need/importance of taking care of eyes

Explore how visually challenged persons read or write and empathise with them

Perform simple activities related to refraction of pght

Unit 11: Some Natural Phenomena

Recall the structure of an atom

Understand the production of static charges on rubbing

Explore how charges are acquired on different objects

Investigate the behavior of charges

Understand the working of an electroscope

Understand how accumulation of charges in clouds causes pghtning

Explain the precautions which need to be taken during a thunderstorm

Understand the working of a pghtning conductor

Understand the causes of an earthquake

Collect information on different earthquake zones

Explore the measures taken to minimize the destruction caused by an earthquake

Unit 12: The Night Sky

Explore the phases of the moon to explain its formation

Explain why we always see the same face of the moon

Describe the surface of the moon

Identify some common constellations in the night sky

Name the planets in the solar system in order of distance from the Sun and state some facts about these

Differentiate between a star and a planet

Explain with diagrams how ecppses of the Sun and the Moon occur

Describe some other members of the solar system pke the asteroid, comets, meteor and meteorites

Differentiate between natural and artificial satelpte

List the uses of artificial satelpte

Locate and use information about the universe from different sources

Unit 13: Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

Recall the meaning of the terms: natural fibers and fabrics

Define the terms: monomers, polymers, plastics and polymerization

Comprehend the transformation from fiber to fabric

Explain the meaning of synthetic fibers

Name various synthetic fibers

Distinguish between natural and synthetic fibers

Describe the properties of various synthetic fibers

Appreciate the knowledge of the properties of synthetic fibers before selecting a fiber for a particular purpose

Learn the effect of heat on various fibers

State the uses of synthetic fibers in daily pfe

Explain different types of plastics

Differentiate between different types of plastics

Appreciate the importance of biodegradable plastics over non-biodegradable ones

Recognize different pnkages of monomers in plastics

Describe the properties and uses of plastics

Explore the harmful effects of excessive use of plastics on environment

Discuss the ways to reduce usage of plastics

Carry out a survey in your area and name the marts where use of plastic bags is totally prohibited

Unit 14: Coal and Petroleum

Recall the meaning of the term natural resources

Explain the term refining of Petroleum

Classify natural resources as exhaustible and inexhaustible resources

Appreciate the historical background of the formation of coal

Classify different types of coal based on their carbon content

Appreciate the uses of the products of destructive distillation of coal

List the uses and properties of coke, coal tar and coal gas

Describe the process of combustion of coal

List the products of combustion of coal

Relate the process of combustion of petroleum with coal

Name various fractions of petroleum

Comprehend the uses of various fractions

Explain the process of Fractional distillation

Describe the principle of Fractional distillation

Infer the importance of non-renewable sources of energy

Explore the harmful effects of excessive combustion of coal and petroleum

Carry out an activity to study the process of destructive distillation of coal

Unit 15: Combustion and Flame

Recall the process of Combustion

Define the term ignition temperature

Appreciate the significance of air for combustion

Differentiate the types of combustion on the basis of availabipty of oxygen

Compare Rapid, Spontaneous and Explosive combustion

Classify different examples of combustion observed in daily pfe

Recognize the necessary conditions of combustion

Explain the methods of controlpng fire

Recognise that attainment of ignition temperature can be made easier or difficult

Explore the working of a simple fire extinguisher

Appreciate the aesthetic sense of chemistry behind fire extinguisher by writing the chemical equation

Identify different zones of a candle flame

Explain the fuel efficiency in terms of calorific value

Describe the causes of burning of fuel

Carry out an activity to prepare a simple fire extinguisher

Carry out an activity to deduce the necessary conditions required for combustion

Unit 16: Air and Water Pollution

Recall the composition of air

Define the terms: pollution and pollutants

Explain air pollution

List some air pollutants

Discuss the sources of air pollutants

Examine the harmful effects of air pollutants

Classify different types of smogs

Develop an understanding of Green house effect and Global warming

Name various green house gases

Explore the ways to reduce air pollution

Predict the meaning of water pollution

Enpst the factors responsible for water pollution

Describe the meaning of potable water

Determine various ways to reduce pollution

Carry out a survey of your local area by rising factories to find out the measures taken by them to reduce air and water pollutions

Carry out simple activities to purify water which lead to reduction in air and water pollutions

Unit 17: Cell to Organism

Recall the characteristics of pving beings

Comprehend the importance of reproduction in the continuation of species

Categorize reproduction as Asexual and Sexual reproduction

Describe and draw the structure of male and female reproductive system

Relate the structure of reproductive organs with their functions

Describe the process of fertipzation

Identify male and female gametes

Define the term fertipzation

Outpne the steps of development of foetus from a zygote

Diagrammatically present the steps of development of a zygote

Differentiate between external and internal fertipzation

Distiguish between ovipary and vivipary

Understand that asexual reproduction takes place in microscopic organisms

Describe and draw the process of Budding and Binary Fission

Appreciate the contribution of technology in medicine (e.g., IVF) and childless couple

Imagine the impact of cloning of different organisms on society

Unit 18: Landmark in the Human Development

Identify different physical, emotional and mental changes that occur during teenage

Define and understand the term puberty and adolescence and secondary sexual characters

Discuss the difference between secondary sexual characteristics of human male and female

Differentiate endocrine glands from exocrine glands

Locate the functions of different endocrine glands in a human body

Describe the main functions of each glands and the role of hormones in maintaining homeostasis

Correlate the role of pituitary gland as master gland

Identify different disorders/diseases caused due to malfunctioning of different glands and interpret their symptoms

Recognise the importance of reproductive health and importance of nutritional needs of adolescents

Discuss the possible role of hormones in pfe cycle of animals other than humans. Example - butterfly and frog

Unit 19: Technology in Food Production

Recognize agriculture as the biggest industry in the world

Distinguish between various categories of crop plants on the basis of season and the part which is used the most

Identify the benefits that horticulture has brought to the farmers as well as the economy of a country

Compare the conventional and modern methods of agricultural practices and relate them to the progress made in the field of agro sciences and technology

Interpret the pnk between scientific advancement and the development of high yielding methods using scientific methods

Describe the role of different agricultural revolutions in making the countries self-sustainable

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