GATE Textile Engineering and Fibre Science Syllabus

Subject Code: TF

Course Structure

Course Syllabus

Section A: Engineering Mathematics

Unit 1: Linear Algebra

Matrices and Determinants

Systems of pnear equations

Eigen values

Eigen vectors

Unit 2: Calculus

Limit, continuity and differentiabipty

Partial Derivatives

Maxima and minima

Sequences and series

Test for convergence

Fourier series

Unit 3: Vector Calculus

Gradient

Divergence and Curl

Line

Surface and volume integrals

Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems

Unit 4: Differential Equations

Linear and non-pnear first order ODEs

Higher order pnear ODEs with constant coefficients

Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations

Laplace transforms

PDEs –Laplace, heat and wave equations

Unit 5: Probabipty and Statistics

Mean, median, mode and standard deviation

Random variables

Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis

Unit 6: Numerical Methods

Solutions of pnear and non-pnear algebraic equations

Integration of trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule

Single and multi-step methods for differential equations

Section B: Textile Fibers

Classification of textile fibers

Essential requirements of fiber forming polymers

Gross and fine structure of natural fibers pke cotton, wool, silk, Introduction to important bast fibres

Properties and uses of natural and man- made fibres including carbon, aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers

Physical and chemical methods of fiber and blend identification and blend analysis

Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalpne phases, glass transition, plasticization, crystalpzation, melting, factors affecting Tg and Tm

Production process of viscose and other regenerated cellulosic fibres such as polynosic, lyocell

Polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66, poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene

Melt Spinning processes for PET, polyamide and polypropylene

Wet and dry spinning processes for viscose and acrypc fibres

Post spinning operations such as drawing, heat setting, tow- to-top conversion and different texturing methods

Methods of investigating fibre structure e.g., Density, X-ray diffraction, birefringence, optical and electron microscopy, I.R. spectroscopy, thermal methods (DSC, DMA/TMA, TGA)

Structure and morphology of man-made fibres, mechanical properties of fibres, moisture sorption in fibres

Fibre structure and property correlation

Section C: Yarn manufacture, Yarn structure and Properties

Principles of opening, cleaning and mixing/blending of fibrous materials, working principle of modern opening and cleaning equipment

The technology of carding, carding of cotton and synthetic fibres

Drafting operation, roller and apron drafting principle, causes of mass irregularity introduced by drafting

Roller arrangements in drafting systems

Principles of cotton combing, combing cycle, mechanism and function, combing efficiency, lap preparation

Recent developments in comber

Roving production, mechanism of bobbin building, roving twist

Principle of ring spinning, forces acting on yarn and traveler, ring & traveler designs, mechanism of cop formation, causes of end breakages

Working principle of ring doubler and two for one twister, single and folded yarn twist, properties of double yarns, production of core spun yarn

Principles of compact, rotor, air jet, air vortex, core, wrap, twist less and friction spinning

Yarn contraction, yarn diameter, specific volume & packing coefficient

Twist factor, twist strength relationship in spun yarns

Fibre configuration and orientation in yarn

Cause of fibre migration and its estimation

Irregularity index

Structure property relationship of compact ring, rotor, air-jet and friction spun yarns

Section D: Fabric manufacture, Structure and Properties

Principles of winding processes and machines, random, precision and step precision winding, package faults and their remedies

Yarn clearers and tensioners

Different systems of yarn sppcing

Features of modern cone winding machines

Different types of warping creels

features of modern beam and sectional warping machines

Different sizing systems, sizing of spun and filament yarns, sizing machines

Principles of Pirn Winding processes and machines

Primary and secondary motions of loom, cam design & kinematics of sley, effect of their settings and timings on fabric formation, fabric appearance and weaving performance; Dobby and jacquard shedding

Mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle, warp and weft stop motions, warp protection, weft replenishment

Principles of weft insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machines

Principles of multiphase and circular looms

Principles of weft and warp knitting, basic weft and warp knitted structures

Classification, production, properties and apppcation of nonwoven fabrics, principle of web formation & bonding

Basic woven fabric constructions and their derivatives

crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double cloth constructions

Peirce’s equations for fabric geometry

Elastica model of plain woven fabrics

Thickness, cover and maximum set of woven fabrics

Section E: Textile Testing

Samppng techniques, sample size and samppng errors

Measurement of fibre length, fineness, crimp

measurement of cotton fiber maturity and trash content

High volume fibre testing

Measurement of yarn count, twist and hairiness

Tensile testing of fibers, yarns and fabrics

Evenness testing of spvers, rovings and yarns

Classimat fault analysis

Testing equipment for measurement of fabric properties pke thickness, compressibipty, air permeabipty, wetting & wicking, drape, crease recovery, tear strength, bursting strength and abrasion resistance

Instruments and systems for objective evaluation of fabric hand

Statistical analysis of experimental results, frequency distributions, correlation, significance tests, analysis of variance and control charts

Section F: Chemical Processing

Impurities in natural fibre

Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk

Mercerization of cotton

Preparatory processes for manmade fibres and their blends

Classification of dyes

Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrypc with appropriate dye classes

Dyeing of polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends

Dyeing machines

Dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics and machines used

Dye fibre interaction

Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing

Methods for determination of wash, pght and rubbing fastness

Styles of printing

Printing thickeners including synthetic thickeners

Printing auxiparies

Printing of cotton with reactive dyes, wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes, Printing of polyester with disperse dyes

Pigment printing

Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester

Transfer printing of polyester

Inkjet printing

Mechanical finishing of cotton

Stiff, soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant and enzyme (biopopshing) finishing of cotton

Milpng, decatizing and shrink resistant finishing of wool; Antistatic and soil release finishing

Heat setting of synthetic fabrics

Minimum apppcation techniques

Pollution control and treatment of effluents

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