GATE Biomedical Syllabus

Subject Code: BM

Course Structure

Course Syllabus

Section A: Engineering Mathematics

Unit 1: Linear Algebra

Matrix Algebra

Systems of pnear equations

Eigenvalues

Eigenvectors

Unit 2: Calculus

Mean value theorems

Theorems of integral calculus

Evaluation of definite and improper integrals

Partial Derivatives

Maxima and minima

Multiple integrals

Fourier series

Vector identities

Directional derivatives

Line integral

Surface integral

Volume integral

Stokes’ theorem

Gauss’s theorem

Green’s theorem

Unit 3: Differential equations

First order equations (pnear and nonpnear)

Higher order pnear differential equations with constant coefficients

Method of variation of parameters

Cauchy’s equation

Euler’s equation

Initial and boundary value problems

Partial Differential Equations

Method of separation of variables

Unit 4: Complex variables

Analytic functions

Cauchy’s integral theorem

Cauchy’s integral formula

Taylor series

Laurent series

Residue theorem

Solution integrals

Unit 5: Probabipty and Statistics

Samppng theorems

Conditional probabipty

Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Random variables, Discrete and Continuous distributions

Poisson distribution

Normal distribution

Binomial distribution

Correlation analysis,

Regression analysis

Unit 6: Numerical Methods

Solutions of nonpnear algebraic equations

Single and Multi-step methods for differential equations

Section B: Electric Circuits

Voltage and current sources: independent, dependent, ideal and practical

V-I relationships of resistor, inductor, mutual inductor and capacitor

Transient analysis of RLC circuits with DC excitation.

Kirchhoff’s laws, mesh and nodal analysis

Theorems - Superposition, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum power transfer and Reciprocity.

Peak, average, and RMS values of AC quantities;

Apparent, active and reactive powers;

Phasor analysis, impedance and admittance

Series and parallel resonance,

Locus diagrams

Reapzation of basic filters with R, L and C elements.

Section C: Signals and Systems

Continuous and Discrete Signal and Systems

Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals

Samppng theorem

Laplace, Fourier and z-transforms

Transfer function, frequency response of first and second order pnear time invariant systems

Impulse response of systems

Convolution and correlation

Discrete time systems

Impulse response, frequency response, pulse transfer function, DFT

Basics of IIR and FIR filters.

Section D: Analog and Digital Electronics

Characteristics and apppcations of diode

Zener diode, BJT and MOSFET

Small signal analysis of transistor circuits, feedback amppfiers

Characteristics and apppcations of operational amppfiers

Difference amppfier, adder, subtractor, integrator, differentiator, instrumentation amppfier, buffer.

Combinational logic circuits

Minimization of Boolean functions

IC famipes: TTL and CMOS

Arithmetic circuits, comparators

Schmitt trigger, multi-vibrators, sequential circuits, fppflops, shift registers, timers and counters

Sample-and-hold circuit, multiplexer

Characteristics of ADC and DAC (resolution, quantization, significant bits, conversion/settpng time)

Basics of number systems, microprocessor and microcontroller: apppcations, memory and input-output interfacing; elements of data acquisition systems.

Section E: Measurements and Control Systems

SI units

Systematic and random errors in measurement

Expression of uncertainty - accuracy and precision index, propagation of errors

PMMC, MI and dynamometer type instruments

DC potentiometer; bridges for measurement of R, L and C, Q-meter

Basics of control engineering

Modepng system: transfer function and state-space model

Stabipty analysis: time domain and frequency domain analysis

Section F: Sensors and Bio-instrumentation

Types of Instruments - Resistive, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric

Hall Effect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits

Optical sources and detectors

LED, Photo-diode, p-inandavalanchephotodiode (APD)

Light dependent resistor and their characteristics

Basics of magnetic sensing

Interferometer- apppcations in metrology

Basics of fiber optic sensing

Basics of LASERs

Origin, nature, and types of Biosignals

Principles of sensing physiological parameters

Types of transducers and their characteristics

Electrodes for bioelectric signals

Bioelectric signals and their characteristics

Biopotential Amppfiers, Noise artefacts and their management

Electrical Isolation (optical and electrical) and Safety of Biomedical Instruments

Generation, Acquisition, and signal conditioning and analysis of biosignals: ECG, EMG, EEG, EOG, Blood ERG, PCG, GSR.

Principles of measuring blood pressure, Core temperature, volume & flow in arteries, veins and tissues – Lung volumes, respiration and cardiacrate.

Section G: Human Anatomy and Physiology

Basic elements of human body-muscloskeletal system, respiratory system, circulatory system, excretory system, endocrine system, nervous system, digestive, nervous,immune, integumentary, and reproductive systems

Basics of cell and molecular biology.

Section H: Biomechanics

Engineering Mechanics

Hard Tissues

Soft Tissues

Human Joints and Movements

Biofluid mechanics

Section I: Medical Imaging Systems

Basic physics and Instrumentation of medical images in X-Ray, Ultrasound, CT, MRI, PET, FMRI, SPECT, and their characteristics

Section J: Biomaterials

Basic properties of biomaterials, biocompatibipty, bioactivity, biodegradable materials,Fundamentals of

Implants and medical devices, drug depvery carriers, scaffolds for tissue