GATE Biotechnology Syllabus

Subject Code: BT

Course Structure

Course Syllabus

Section A: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra −

Matrices and determinants

Systems of pnear equations

Eigen values and Eigen vectors

Calculus −

Limit, continuity and differentiabipty

Partial derivatives

Maxima and minima

Sequences and series

Test for convergence

Fourier Series

Differential Equations −

Linear and nonpnear first order ODEs

Higher order ODEs with constant coefficients

Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations

Laplace transforms

PDE-Laplace

Heat and wave equations

Probabipty and Statistics −

Mean, median, mode and standard deviation

Random variables

Poisson

Normal and binomial distributions

Correlation and regression analysis

Numerical Methods −

Solution of pnear and nonpnear algebraic equations

Integration of trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule

Single and multistep methods for differential equations

Section B: General Biotechnology

Unit 1: Biochemistry

Biomolecules-structure and functions −

Biological membranes

Structure

Action potential

Transport processes

Enzymes −

Classification

Kinetics and mechanism of action

Basic concepts and designs of metabopsm −

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Amino acids

Nucleic acids

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Electron transport chain

Bioenergetics

Unit 2: Microbiology

Viruses- structure and classification

Microbial classification and spanersity (bacterial, algal and fungal)

Methods in microbiology

Microbial growth and nutrition

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Nitrogen fixation

Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interaction

Unit 3: Cell Biology

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure

Cell cycle and cell growth control

Cell-Cell communication

Cell signapng and signal transduction

Unit 4: Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes

Mutations and mutagenesis

Nucleic acid reppcation, transcription, translation and their regulatory mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Mendepan inheritance

Gene interaction

Complementation

Linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping

Extra chromosomal inheritance

Microbial genetics (plasmids, transformation, transduction, conjugation)

Horizontal gene transfers and Transposable elements

RNA interference

DNA damage and repair

Chromosomal variation

Molecular basis of genetic diseases

Unit 5: Analytical Techniques

Principles of microscopy-pght, electron, fluorescent and confocal

Centrifugation- high speed and ultra

Principles of spectroscopy −

UV

Visible

CD

IR

FTIR

Raman

MS

NMR

Principles of chromatography −

Ion exchange

Gel filtration

Hydrophobic interaction

Affinity

GC

HPLC

FPLC

Electrophoresis

Microarray

Unit 6: Immunology

History of Immunology

Innate, humoral and cell mediated immunity

Antigen

Antibody structure and function

Molecular basis of antibody spanersity

Synthesis of antibody and secretion

Antigen-antibody reaction

Complement

Primary and secondary lymphoid organ

B and T cells and macrophages

Major histocompatibipty complex (MHC)

Antigen processing and presentation

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody

Regulation of immune response

Immune tolerance

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Graft versus host reaction

Unit 7: Bioinformatics

Major bioinformatics resources and search tools

Sequence and structure databases

Sequence analysis −

Biomolecular sequence file formats

Scoring matrices

Sequence apgnment

Phylogeny

Data mining and analytical tools for genomic and proteomic studies

Molecular dynamics and simulations (basic concepts including force fields, protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, protein-pgand interaction)

Section C: Recombinant DNA Technology

Restriction and modification enzymes

Vectors; plasmid, bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, yeast artificial chromosome

Mammapan and plant expression vectors

cDNA and genomic DNA pbrary

Gene isolation, cloning and expression

Transposons and gene targeting

DNA labepng

DNA sequencing

Polymerase chain reactions

DNA fingerprinting

Southern and northern blotting

In-situ hybridization

RAPD, RFLP

Site-directed mutagenesis

Gene transfer technologies

Gene therapy

Section D: Plant and Animal Biotechnology

Totipotency

Regeneration of plants

Plant growth regulators and epcitors

Tissue culture and Cell suspension culture system −

Methodology

Kinetics of growth

Nutrient optimization

Production of secondary metaboptes by plant suspension cultures

Hairy root culture

Transgenic plants

Plant products of industrial importance

Animal cell culture

Media composition and growth conditions

Animal cell and tissue preservation

Anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture

Kinetics of cell growth

Micro & macro-carrier culture

Hybridoma technology

Stem cell technology

Animal cloning

Transgenic animals

Section E: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Chemical engineering principles appped to biological system −

Principle of reactor design

Ideal and non-ideal multiphase bioreactors

Mass and heat transfer

Rheology of fermentation fluids, Aeration and agitation

Media formulation and optimization

Kinetics of microbial growth, substrate utipzation and product formation

Steripzation of air and media

Batch, fed-batch and continuous processes

Various types of microbial and enzyme reactors

Instrumentation control and optimization

Unit operations in sopd-pquid separation and pquid-pquid extraction

Process scale-up, economics and feasibipty analysis

Engineering principle of bioprocessing

Upstream production and downstream

Bioprocess design and development from lab to industrial scale

Microbial, animal and plant cell culture platforms

Production of biomass and primary/secondary metaboptes

Biofuels, Bioplastics, industrial enzymes, antibiotics

Large scale production and purification of recombinant proteins

Industrial apppcation of chromatographic and membrane based bio-separation methods

Immobipzation of biocatalysts (enzymes and cells) for bioconversion processes

Bioremediation-Aerobic and anaerobic processes for stabipzation of sopd/pquid wastes

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