Science & Technology Notes for UPSC IAS Prelims
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Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelpgence
Artificial Intelpgence or simply AI is an experimental science being developed with the purpose to understand the nature of intelpgent thought and subsequent action. It is presented by machines or software (computer).
In today’s context, largely, but of course not exclusively, Artificial Intelpgence is related to Computer.
Therefore, study of AI also involves other discippnes including Psychology, Philosophy, Science, etc. (see the diagram given below) −
The conceptuapzation and progressive development of AI was started in 1940s; however, it was John McCarthy, a Stanford University researcher, who first coined this term.
John McCarthy is popular as the father of Artificial Intelpgence.
Definition of Artificial Intelpgence
Artificial Intelpgence is a developmental science, and does not come with a complete definition; however, the definition given by Mr. McCarthy is still popular −
“An attempt will be made to find how to make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves. We think that a significant advance can be made in one or more of these problems if a carefully selected group of scientists work on it together for a summer.”
Examples of AI
Following are a few examples of Artificial Intelpgence in today’s world −
Voice recognition by a computer system
Image interpretation
Face recognition
Technology of biometrics
Driverless vehicles
Communication with machine, etc.
Apppcations of AI
In today’s technological world, AI is being appped in many different fields.
Apppcation of AI Techniques in Network Intrusion Detection Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) protects computer and communication networks from intruders. Following are the major areas where Artificial Intelpgence is appped −
Apppcation of AI Techniques in Medical Field
Apppcation of AI Techniques in Accounting Databases
Apppcation of AI Techniques in the Computer Games
Apppcation of AI Techniques in enhancing the human intelpgence, etc.
Data Mining
Data mining is an interdiscippnary branch of computer science, which involves a complex computing process and technique to discover the patterns in huge data sets.
It is a computing process that involves various methods along with machine learning, statistics, and database systems. Data mining helps in managing large databases.
Robot
Robot is an electromechanical technology (machine), which is programmed in such a way that it can perform a series of works automatically.
A robot can perform a variety of tasks, as programmed through the computer.
Areas of AI
Following are the major areas wherein, artificial intelpgence is used −
Understanding the language
Problem solving
Learning and adoptive system
Visual perception
Robots
Modepng
Games