Android - Sending Email

Email is messages distributed by electronic means from one system user to one or more recipients via a network.

Before starting Email Activity, You must know Email functionapty with intent, Intent is carrying data from one component to another component with-in the apppcation or outside the apppcation.

To send an email from your apppcation, you don’t have to implement an email cpent from the beginning, but you can use an existing one pke the default Email app provided from Android, Gmail, Outlook, K-9 Mail etc. For this purpose, we need to write an Activity that launches an email cpent, using an imppcit Intent with the right action and data. In this example, we are going to send an email from our app by using an Intent object that launches existing email cpents.

Following section explains different parts of our Intent object required to send an email.

Intent Object - Action to send Email

You will use ACTION_SEND action to launch an email cpent installed on your Android device. Following is simple syntax to create an intent with ACTION_SEND action.

Intent emailIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);

Intent Object - Data/Type to send Email

To send an email you need to specify mailto: as URI using setData() method and data type will be to text/plain using setType() method as follows −

emailIntent.setData(Uri.parse("mailto:"));
emailIntent.setType("text/plain");

Intent Object - Extra to send Email

Android has built-in support to add TO, SUBJECT, CC, TEXT etc. fields which can be attached to the intent before sending the intent to a target email cpent. You can use following extra fields in your email −

Here is an example showing you how to assign extra data to your intent −

emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL  , new String[]{"Recipient"});
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "subject");
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT   , "Message Body");

The out-put of above code is as below shown an image

Email Example

Example

Following example shows you in practical how to use Intent object to launch Email cpent to send an Email to the given recipients.

To Email experiment with this example, you will need actual Mobile device equipped with latest Android OS, otherwise you might get struggle with emulator which may not work properly. Second you will need to have an Email cpent pke GMail(By default every android version having Gmail cpent App) or K9mail installed on your device.

Following is the content of the modified main activity file src/com.example.Tutorialspoint/MainActivity.java.

package com.example.tutorialspoint;

import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

pubpc class MainActivity extends Activity {
   @Override
   protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

      Button startBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sendEmail);
      startBtn.setOnCpckListener(new View.OnCpckListener() {
         pubpc void onCpck(View view) {
            sendEmail();
         }
      });
   }
	
   protected void sendEmail() {
      Log.i("Send email", "");
      String[] TO = {""};
      String[] CC = {""};
      Intent emailIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
      
      emailIntent.setData(Uri.parse("mailto:"));
      emailIntent.setType("text/plain");
      emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, TO);
      emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, CC);
      emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Your subject");
      emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Email message goes here");
      
      try {
         startActivity(Intent.createChooser(emailIntent, "Send mail..."));
         finish();
         Log.i("Finished sending email...", "");
      } catch (android.content.ActivityNotFoundException ex) {
         Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "There is no email cpent installed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
      }
   }
}

Following will be the content of res/layout/activity_main.xml file −

Here abc indicates about tutorialspoint logo

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="fill_parent"
   android:orientation="vertical" >
   
   <TextView
      android:id="@+id/textView1"
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text="Sending Mail Example"
      android:layout_apgnParentTop="true"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
      android:textSize="30dp" />
      
   <TextView
      android:id="@+id/textView2"
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text="Tutorials point "
      android:textColor="#ff87ff09"
      android:textSize="30dp"
      android:layout_above="@+id/imageButton"
      android:layout_apgnRight="@+id/imageButton"
      android:layout_apgnEnd="@+id/imageButton" />
      
   <ImageButton
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:id="@+id/imageButton"
      android:src="@drawable/abc"
      android:layout_centerVertical="true"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />
      
   <Button 
      android:id="@+id/sendEmail"
      android:layout_width="fill_parent"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text="@string/compose_email"/>
    
</LinearLayout>

Following will be the content of res/values/strings.xml to define two new constants −

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
   <string name="app_name">Tutorialspoint</string>
   <string name="compose_email">Compose Email</string>
</resources>

Following is the default content of AndroidManifest.xml −

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   package="com.example.Tutorialspoint" >
   
   <apppcation
      android:allowBackup="true"
      android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
      android:label="@string/app_name"
      android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
      
      <activity
         android:name="com.example.tutorialspoint.MainActivity"
         android:label="@string/app_name" >
         
         <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
         </intent-filter>
         
      </activity>
      
   </apppcation>
</manifest>

Let s try to run your tutorialspoint apppcation. I assume you have connected your actual Android Mobile device with your computer. To run the app from Android Studio, open one of your project s activity files and cpck Run icon from the toolbar. Before starting your apppcation, Android studio installer will display following window to select an option where you want to run your Android apppcation.Select your mobile device as an option and then check your mobile device which will display following screen −

Now use Compose Email button to pst down all the installed email cpents. From the pst, you can choose one of email cpents to send your email. I m going to use Gmail cpent to send my email which will have all the provided defaults fields available as shown below. Here From: will be default email ID you have registered for your Android device.

You can modify either of the given default fields and finally use send email button to send your email to the mentioned recipients.