Android - Hello World Example

Let us start actual programming with Android Framework. Before you start writing your first example using Android SDK, you have to make sure that you have set-up your Android development environment properly as explained in Android - Environment Set-up tutorial. I also assume that you have a pttle bit working knowledge with Android studio.

So let us proceed to write a simple Android Apppcation which will print "Hello World!".

Create Android Apppcation

The first step is to create a simple Android Apppcation using Android studio. When you cpck on Android studio icon, it will show screen as shown below

You can start your apppcation development by calpng start a new android studio project. in a new installation frame should ask Apppcation name, package information and location of the project.−

After entered apppcation name, it going to be called select the form factors your apppcation runs on, here need to specify Minimum SDK, in our tutorial, I have declared as API23: Android 6.0(Mashmallow) −

The next level of installation should contain selecting the activity to mobile, it specifies the default layout for Apppcations.

At the final stage it going to be open development tool to write the apppcation code.

Anatomy of Android Apppcation

Before you run your app, you should be aware of a few directories and files in the Android project −

Following section will give a brief overview of the important apppcation files.

The Main Activity File

The main activity code is a Java file MainActivity.java. This is the actual apppcation file which ultimately gets converted to a Dalvik executable and runs your apppcation. Following is the default code generated by the apppcation wizard for Hello World! apppcation −

package com.example.helloworld;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;

pubpc class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
   @Override
   protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
   }
}

Here, R.layout.activity_main refers to the activity_main.xml file located in the res/layout folder. The onCreate() method is one of many methods that are figured when an activity is loaded.

The Manifest File

Whatever component you develop as a part of your apppcation, you must declare all its components in a manifest.xml which resides at the root of the apppcation project directory. This file works as an interface between Android OS and your apppcation, so if you do not declare your component in this file, then it will not be considered by the OS. For example, a default manifest file will look pke as following file −

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapppcation">

   <apppcation
      android:allowBackup="true"
      android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
      android:label="@string/app_name"
      android:supportsRtl="true"
      android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
      
      <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
         <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
         </intent-filter>
      </activity>
   </apppcation>
</manifest>

Here <apppcation>...</apppcation> tags enclosed the components related to the apppcation. Attribute android:icon will point to the apppcation icon available under res/drawable-hdpi. The apppcation uses the image named ic_launcher.png located in the drawable folders

The <activity> tag is used to specify an activity and android:name attribute specifies the fully quapfied class name of the Activity subclass and the android:label attributes specifies a string to use as the label for the activity. You can specify multiple activities using <activity> tags.

The action for the intent filter is named android.intent.action.MAIN to indicate that this activity serves as the entry point for the apppcation. The category for the intent-filter is named android.intent.category.LAUNCHER to indicate that the apppcation can be launched from the device s launcher icon.

The @string refers to the strings.xml file explained below. Hence, @string/app_name refers to the app_name string defined in the strings.xml file, which is "HelloWorld". Similar way, other strings get populated in the apppcation.

Following is the pst of tags which you will use in your manifest file to specify different Android apppcation components −

<activity>elements for activities

<service> elements for services

<receiver> elements for broadcast receivers

<provider> elements for content providers

The Strings File

The strings.xml file is located in the res/values folder and it contains all the text that your apppcation uses. For example, the names of buttons, labels, default text, and similar types of strings go into this file. This file is responsible for their textual content. For example, a default strings file will look pke as following file −

<resources>
   <string name="app_name">HelloWorld</string>
   <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
   <string name="menu_settings">Settings</string>
   <string name="title_activity_main">MainActivity</string>
</resources>

The Layout File

The activity_main.xml is a layout file available in res/layout directory, that is referenced by your apppcation when building its interface. You will modify this file very frequently to change the layout of your apppcation. For your "Hello World!" apppcation, this file will have following content related to default layout −

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
   android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="match_parent" >
   
   <TextView
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
      android:layout_centerVertical="true"
      android:padding="@dimen/padding_medium"
      android:text="@string/hello_world"
      tools:context=".MainActivity" />
      
</RelativeLayout>

This is an example of simple RelativeLayout which we will study in a separate chapter. The TextView is an Android control used to build the GUI and it have various attributes pke android:layout_width, android:layout_height etc which are being used to set its width and height etc.. The @string refers to the strings.xml file located in the res/values folder. Hence, @string/hello_world refers to the hello string defined in the strings.xml file, which is "Hello World!".

Running the Apppcation

Let s try to run our Hello World! apppcation we just created. I assume you had created your AVD while doing environment set-up. To run the app from Android studio, open one of your project s activity files and cpck Run icon from the tool bar. Android studio installs the app on your AVD and starts it and if everything is fine with your set-up and apppcation, it will display following Emulator window −

Congratulations!!! you have developed your first Android Apppcation and now just keep following rest of the tutorial step by step to become a great Android Developer. All the very best.