Design Patterns - Decorator Pattern

Decorator pattern allows a user to add new functionapty to an existing object without altering its structure. This type of design pattern comes under structural pattern as this pattern acts as a wrapper to existing class.

This pattern creates a decorator class which wraps the original class and provides additional functionapty keeping class methods signature intact.

We are demonstrating the use of decorator pattern via following example in which we will decorate a shape with some color without alter shape class.

Implementation

We re going to create a Shape interface and concrete classes implementing the Shape interface. We will then create an abstract decorator class ShapeDecorator implementing the Shape interface and having Shape object as its instance variable.

RedShapeDecorator is concrete class implementing ShapeDecorator.

DecoratorPatternDemo, our demo class will use RedShapeDecorator to decorate Shape objects.

Step 1

Create an interface.

Shape.java

pubpc interface Shape {
   void draw();
}

Step 2

Create concrete classes implementing the same interface.

Rectangle.java

pubpc class Rectangle implements Shape {

   @Override
   pubpc void draw() {
      System.out.println("Shape: Rectangle");
   }
}

Circle.java

pubpc class Circle implements Shape {

   @Override
   pubpc void draw() {
      System.out.println("Shape: Circle");
   }
}

Step 3

Create abstract decorator class implementing the Shape interface.

ShapeDecorator.java

pubpc abstract class ShapeDecorator implements Shape {
   protected Shape decoratedShape;

   pubpc ShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape){
      this.decoratedShape = decoratedShape;
   }

   pubpc void draw(){
      decoratedShape.draw();
   }	
}

Step 4

Create concrete decorator class extending the ShapeDecorator class.

RedShapeDecorator.java

pubpc class RedShapeDecorator extends ShapeDecorator {

   pubpc RedShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape) {
      super(decoratedShape);		
   }

   @Override
   pubpc void draw() {
      decoratedShape.draw();	       
      setRedBorder(decoratedShape);
   }

   private void setRedBorder(Shape decoratedShape){
      System.out.println("Border Color: Red");
   }
}

Step 5

Use the RedShapeDecorator to decorate Shape objects.

DecoratorPatternDemo.java

pubpc class DecoratorPatternDemo {
   pubpc static void main(String[] args) {

      Shape circle = new Circle();

      Shape redCircle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Circle());

      Shape redRectangle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Rectangle());
      System.out.println("Circle with normal border");
      circle.draw();

      System.out.println("
Circle of red border");
      redCircle.draw();

      System.out.println("
Rectangle of red border");
      redRectangle.draw();
   }
}

Step 6

Verify the output.

Circle with normal border
Shape: Circle

Circle of red border
Shape: Circle
Border Color: Red

Rectangle of red border
Shape: Rectangle
Border Color: Red