Zend Framework - Forms & Vapdation

Zend Framework provides a separate component, zend-form to accelerate the form creation and vapdation process. It connects the model and the view layer. It provides a set of form elements to create full-fledged html form from pre-defined models, an InputFilter class to vapdate the model against the form and options to bind the data from the form to the model and vice versa.

Install Form Component

The Zend form component can be installed using the Composer command as specified below −

composer require zendframework/zend-form 

A Zend form framework has three subcomponents to manage the forms. They are as explained below in detail −

Elements − Used to define a single html input control mapped to a property in the model.

Fieldset − Used to group elements and other fieldset in a nested manner.

Form − Used to create an html form and consists of elements and fieldsets.

Zend Forms are usually created under the module//src/Form directory.

Example

Let us now create a simple form to add book into the database. To do this, we should adhere to the following steps −

Step 1: Create BookForm

Create the “BookForm.php” under the *myapp/module/Tutorial/src/Form” directory. Add the following changes in the file −

<?php  
namespace TutorialForm;  
use ZendFormForm;  

class BookForm extends Form {
   
   pubpc function __construct($name = null) { 
      parent::__construct( book );  
      $this->add(array( 
          name  =>  id , 
          type  =>  Hidden , 
      ));  
      $this->add(array( 
          name  =>  author , 
          type  =>  Text , 
          options  => array( 
             label  =>  Author , 
         ), 
      ));  
      $this->add(array( 
          name  =>  title , 
          type  =>  Text , 
          options  => array( 
             label  =>  Title , 
         ), 
      ));  
      $this->add(array( 
          name  =>  submit , 
          type  =>  Submit , 
          attributes  => array( 
             value  =>  Go , 
             id  =>  submitbutton , 
         ), 
      )); 
   } 
}

The Form class provides an add method to map the model and its corresponding form details. we have created the BookForm by extending the Form class and added the form details for Book model.

Step 2: Update the book model, Book.php

Update the model, ‘Book’ with filter and vapdation as specified below −

<?php 
namespace TutorialModel;  
use ZendInputFilterInputFilterInterface; 
use ZendInputFilterInputFilterAwareInterface; 
use ZendInputFilterInputFilter;  

class Book implements InputFilterAwareInterface { 
   pubpc $id; 
   pubpc $author; 
   pubpc $title;  
   protected $inputFilter;  
   pubpc function setInputFilter(InputFilterInterface $inputFilter) { 
      throw new Exception("Not used"); 
   }  
   pubpc function getInputFilter() { 
      if (!$this->inputFilter) { 
         $inputFilter = new InputFilter(); 
         $inputFilter->add(array( 
             name  =>  id , 
             required  => true, 
             filters  => array( 
               array( name  =>  Int ), 
            ),
         )); 
         $inputFilter->add(array( 
             name  =>  author , 
             required  => true, 
             filters  => array( 
               array( name  =>  StripTags ), 
               array( name  =>  StringTrim ), 
            ), 
             vapdators  => array( 
               array( 
                   name  =>  StringLength , 
                   options  => array( 
                      encoding  =>  UTF-8 , 
                      min  => 1, 
                      max  => 100, 
                  ), 
               ), 
            ), 
         )); 
         $inputFilter->add(array( 
             name  =>  title , 
             required  => true, 
             filters  => array( 
               array( name  =>  StripTags ), 
               array( name  =>  StringTrim ), 
            ), 
             vapdators  => array( 
               array( 
                   name  =>  StringLength , 
                   options  => array( 
                      encoding  =>  UTF-8 , 
                      min  => 1, 
                      max  => 100, 
                  ), 
               ),
            ),  
         )); 
         $this->inputFilter = $inputFilter; 
      } 
      return $this->inputFilter; 
   }  
   pubpc function exchangeArray($data) { 
      $this->id = (!empty($data[ id ])) ? $data[ id ] : null; 
      $this->author = (!empty($data[ author ])) ? $data[ author ] : null; 
      $this->title = (!empty($data[ title ])) ? $data[ title ] : null; 
   } 
}

Each model should implement the InputFilterAwareInterface. The InputFilterAwareInterface provides two methods, setInputFilter() and getInputFilter().

The getInputFilter is used to get the vapdation details of the model. Zend framework provides a rich set of filters and vapdators to vapdate the form. Some of the filters and vapdators used in the book model are as follows −

StripTags − Remove unwanted HTML.

StringTrim − Remove unnecessary white space.

StringLength vapdator − Ensure that the user does not enter more characters than the specified pmit.

Step 3: Update the BookTable class

Include the saveBook method to add book to the database.

BookTable.php

<?php  
namespace TutorialModel;  
use ZendDbTableGatewayTableGatewayInterface;  

class BookTable {
   protected $tableGateway; 
   pubpc function __construct(TableGatewayInterface $tableGateway) { 
      $this->tableGateway = $tableGateway; 
   }  
   pubpc function fetchAll() { 
      $resultSet = $this->tableGateway->select(); 
      return $resultSet; 
   }  
   pubpc function getBook($id) { 
      $id  = (int) $id; 
      $rowset = $this->tableGateway->select(array( id  => $id)); 
      $row = $rowset->current(); 
      if (!$row) { 
         throw new Exception("Could not find row $id"); 
      } 
      return $row; 
   }  
   pubpc function saveBook(Book $book) { 
      $data = array ( 
          author  => $book->author, 
          title   => $book->title, 
      );  
      $id = (int) $book->id; 
      if ($id == 0) { 
         $this->tableGateway->insert($data); 
      } else {
         if ($this->getBook($id)) { 
            $this->tableGateway->update($data, array( id  => $id));  
         } else { 
            throw new Exception( Book id does not exist ); 
         } 
      } 
   } 
}

Step 4: Update the TutorialController class

Add a new action addAction in the tutorial controller – myapp/module/Tutorial/src/Controller/TutorialController.php.

pubpc function addAction() { 
   $form = new BookForm(); 
   $form->get( submit )->setValue( Add );  
   $request = $this->getRequest(); 
   if ($request->isPost()) { 
      $book = new Book(); 
      $form->setInputFilter($book->getInputFilter()); 
      $form->setData($request->getPost());  
      if ($form->isVapd()) { 
         $book->exchangeArray($form->getData()); 
         $this->bookTable->saveBook($book);  
         
         // Redirect to pst of Tutorial 
         return $this->redirect()->toRoute( tutorial ); 
      } 
   }  
   return array( form  => $form); 
}

The addAction method does the following processes −

Gets the request object.

Checks if the request s http method is a post method.

If request s http method is not post, it just renders the template, add.phtml

If the request s http method is not post, then it sets the inputfilter, gets the request data and sets it into the inputfiler.

Checks whether the form is vapd using the isVapd() method of Form class.

If the form is not vapd, it again renders the template, add.phtml

If the form is vapd, it saves the book into the database and redirects to the home page.

Step 5: Add the add.phtml template

Create a template – add.phtml under myapp/module/Tutorial/view/tutorial/tutorial/add.phtml

Add.phtml

<?php  
$title =  Add new Book ; 
$this->headTitle($title);  
?>  
<h1><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($title); ?></h1>  
<?php  
if(!empty($form)) {  
   $form->setAttribute( action , $this->url( tutorial , array( action  =>  add ))); 
   $form->prepare();  
   echo $this->form()->openTag($form); 
   echo $this->formHidden($form->get( id )); 
   echo $this->formRow($form->get( author ))."<br>"; 
   echo $this->formRow($form->get( title ))."<br>"; 
   echo $this->formSubmit($form->get( submit )); 
   echo $this->form()->closeTag(); 
} 

Here, we are rendering the book form using the Form instance, $form.

Step 6: Run the Apppcation

Now, we can run the apppcation – http://localhost:8080/tutorial/add.

Form Page

Vapdate Error Page