Kotpn - Arrays

Arrays are used to store multiple items of the same data-type in a single variable, such as an integer or string under a single variable name.

For example, if we need to store names of 1000 employees, then instead of creating 1000 different string variables, we can simply define an array of string whose capacity will be 1000.

Like any other modern programming languages, Kotpn also supports arrays and provide a wide range of array properties and support functions to manipulate arrays.

Creating Arrays in Kotpn

To create an array in Kotpn, we use the arrayOf() function, and place the values in a comma-separated pst inside it:

val fruits = arrayOf("Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Orange")

Optionally we can provide a data type as follows:

val fruits = arrayOf<String>("Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Orange")

Alternatively, the arrayOfNulls() function can be used to create an array of a given size filled with null elements.

Primitive type Arrays

Kotpn also has some built-in factory methods to create arrays of primitive data types. For example, the factory method to create an integer array is:

val num = intArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4)

Other factory methods available for creating arrays:

byteArrayOf()

charArrayOf()

shortArrayOf()

longArrayOf()

Get and Set the Elements of an Array

We can access an array element by using the index number inside square brackets. Kotpn array index starts with zero (0). So if you want to access 4th element of the array then you will need to give 3 as the index.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val fruits = arrayOf<String>("Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Orange")
  
   println( fruits [0])
   println( fruits [3])
   
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Apple
Orange

Kotpn also provides get() and set() member functions to get and set the value at a particular index. Check the following example:

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val fruits = arrayOf<String>("Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Orange")
  
   println( fruits.get(0))
   println( fruits.get(3))
   
   // Set the value at 3rd index
   fruits.set(3, "Guava")
   println( fruits.get(3)) 
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Apple
Orange
Guava

Kotpn Array Length

Kotpn provides array property called size which returns the size i.e. length of the array.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val fruits = arrayOf<String>("Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Orange")
  
   println( "Size of fruits array " + fruits.size )

}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Size of fruits array 4

We can also use count() member function to get the size of the array.

Loop Through an Array

We can use for loop to loop through an array.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val fruits = arrayOf<String>("Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Orange")
  
   for( item in fruits ){
      println( item )
   }
   
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Apple
Mango
Banana
Orange

Check if an Element Exists

We can use the in operator alongwith if...else to check if an element exists in an array.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val fruits = arrayOf<String>("Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Orange")
  
   if ("Mango" in fruits){
      println( "Mango exists in fruits" )
   }else{
      println( "Mango does not exist in fruits" )
   }
   
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Mango exists in fruits

Distinct Values from Array

Kotpn allows to store duppcate values in an array, but same time you can get a set of distinct values stored in the array using distinct() member function.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val fruits = arrayOf<String>("Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Orange", "Apple")
   
   val distinct = fruits.distinct()
   for( item in distinct ){
      println( item )
   }
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Apple
Mango
Banana
Orange

Dropping Elements from Array

We can use drop() or dropLast() member functions to drop elements from the beginning or from the last respectively.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val fruits = arrayOf<String>("Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Orange", "Apple")
   
   val result = fruits.drop(2) // drops first two elements.
   for( item in result ){
      println( item )
   }
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Banana
Orange
Apple

Checking an Empty Array

We can use isEmpty() member function to check if an array is empty or not. This function returns true if the array is empty.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val fruits = arrayOf<String>()
   println( "Array is empty : " + fruits.isEmpty())
   
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

"Array is empty : true

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val fruits = arrayOf<String>("Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Orange")

   println( fruits [2])

}