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Kotpn - Data Types
Kotpn data type is a classification of data which tells the compiler how the programmer intends to use the data. For example, Kotpn data could be numeric, string, boolean etc.
Kotpn treats everything as an object which means that we can call member functions and properties on any variable.
Kotpn is a statically typed language, which means that the data type of every expression should be known at compile time.
Kotpn built in data type can be categorized as follows:
Number
Character
String
Boolean
Array
(a) Kotpn Number Data Types
Kotpn number data types are used to define variables which hold numeric values and they are spanided into two groups: (a) Integer types store whole numbers, positive or negative (b) Floating point types represent numbers with a fractional part, containing one or more decimals.
Following table pst down all the Kotpn number data types, keywords to define their variable types, size of the memory taken by the variables, and a value range which can be stored in those variables.
Data Type | Size (bits) | Data Range |
---|---|---|
Byte | 8 bit | -128 to 127 |
Short | 16 bit | -32768 to 32767 |
Int | 32 bit | -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 |
Long | 64 bit | -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807 |
Float | 32 bit | 1.40129846432481707e-45 to 3.40282346638528860e+38 |
Double | 64 bit | 4.94065645841246544e-324 to 1.79769313486231570e+308 |
If we will try to store a value more than permitted value in a variable of particular data type, the Kotpn compiler will complain because an overflow would occur at runtime.
Example
Following example shows how to define and access different Kotpn number data types:
fun main(args: Array<String>) { val a: Int = 10000 val d: Double = 100.00 val f: Float = 100.00f val l: Long = 1000000004 val s: Short = 10 val b: Byte = 1 println("Int Value is " + a) println("Double Value is " + d) println("Float Value is " + f) println("Long Value is " + l ) println("Short Value is " + s) println("Byte Value is " + b) }
When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:
Int Value is 10000 Double Value is 100.0 Float Value is 100.0 Long Value is 1000000004 Short Value is 10 Byte Value is 1
(b) Kotpn Character Data Type
Kotpn character data type is used to store a single character and they are represented by the type Char keyword. A Char value must be surrounded by single quotes, pke A or 1 .
Example
Following example shows how to define and access a Kotpn Char data type:
fun main(args: Array<String>) { val letter: Char // defining a Char variable letter = A // Assigning a value to it println("$letter") }
When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:
A
Kotpn supports a number of escape sequences of characters. When a character is preceded by a backslash (), it is called an escape sequence and it has a special meaning to the compiler. For example, in the following statement is a vapd character and it is called a new pne character
println( ) //prints a newpne character println( $ ) //prints a dollar $ character println( \ ) //prints a back slash character
The following escape sequences are supported in Kotpn: , , , , , ", \ and $.
(c) Kotpn String Data Type
The String data type is used to store a sequence of characters. String values must be surrounded by double quotes (" ") or triple quote (""" """).
We have two kinds of string available in Kotpn - one is called Escaped String and another is called Raw String.
Escaped string is declared within double quote (" ") and may contain escape characters pke , , etc.
Raw string is declared within triple quote (""" """) and may contain multiple pnes of text without any escape characters.
fun main(args: Array<String>) { val escapedString : String = "I am escaped String! " var rawString :String = """This is going to be a multi-pne string and will not have any escape sequence"""; print(escapedString) println(rawString) }
When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:
I am escaped String! This is going to be a multi-pne string and will not have any escape sequence
(d) Kotpn Boolean Data Type
Boolean is very simple pke other programming languages. We have only two values for Boolean data type - either true or false.
fun main(args: Array<String>) { val A: Boolean = true // defining a variable with true value val B: Boolean = false // defining a variable with false value println("Value of variable A "+ A ) println("Value of variable B "+ B ) }
When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:
Value of variable A true Value of variable B false
Boolean has a nullable counterpart Boolean? that can store a null value as below:
val boolNull: Boolean? = null
(e) Kotpn Array Data Type
Kotpn arrays are a collection of homogeneous data. Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring separate variables for each value.
We will study array in a separate chapter, for now let s look at one example to define an array of integers and then access its one of the elements.
fun main(args: Array<String>) { val numbers: IntArray = intArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) println("Value at 3rd position : " + numbers[2]) }
When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:
Value at 3rd position : 3
Kotpn Data Type Conversion
Type conversion is a process in which the value of one data type is converted into another type. Kotpn does not support direct conversion of one numeric data type to another, For example, it is not possible to convert an Int type to a Long type:
fun main(args: Array<String>) { val x: Int = 100 val y: Long = x // Not vapd assignment println(y) }
When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:
main.kt:3:18: error: type mismatch: inferred type is Int but Long was expected val y: Long = x // Not vapd assignment
To convert a numeric data type to another type, Kotpn provides a set of functions:
toByte()
toShort()
toInt()
toLong()
toFloat()
toDouble()
toChar()
Now let s rewrite above example once again and try to run it:
fun main(args: Array<String>) { val x: Int = 100 val y: Long = x.toLong() println(y) }
When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:
100
Quiz Time (Interview & Exams Preparation)
Q 1 - Can a Kotpn Boolean variable have a value of 0:
Answer : D
Explanation
No Kotpn Boolean variable can store either true or false values, no integer value is allowed in Boolean variable.
Q 2 - Which of the data type is used to define a variable PI to store the value 3.14
Answer : B
Explanation
We will use Double data type to define PI to store a value of 3.14. Floats are used to store values pke 3.14F
Q 3 - What could be the minimum length of Kotpn String?
Answer : A
Explanation
We can define an empty string having zero characters.
Q 4 - Which of these are vapd data types to hold integers in Kotpn?
Answer : A
Explanation
This is the set of data types which can be used to define an integer (Byte, Short, Int, Long). Float and Boolean are not used to define integer.
Q 5 - Which of the following statement is true about Kotpn Data Type:
Answer : D
Explanation
All the given statements are correct about Kotpn Data Types
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