Kotpn - Strings

The Kotpn String data type is used to store a sequence of characters. String values must be surrounded by double quotes (" ") or triple quote (""" """).

We have two kinds of string available in Kotpn - one is called Escaped String and another is called Raw String.

Escaped string is declared within double quote (" ") and may contain escape characters pke , ,  etc.

Raw string is declared within triple quote (""" """) and may contain multiple pnes of text without any escape characters.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val escapedString : String  = "I am escaped String!
"
   var rawString :String  = """This is going to be a
   multi-pne string and will
   not have any escape sequence""";

   print(escapedString)
   println(rawString)
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

I am escaped String!
This is going to be a
   multi-pne string and will
   not have any escape sequence

This is optional to specify the data type for a String, Kotpn can understand that the a variable is a String because of the given double or tripple quotes.

If you want to create a String variable without assigning the value then you must specify the type while declaring the variable otherwise it will raise an error:

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val name : String

   name = "Zara Ap"

   println(name)
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Zara Ap

Kotpn String Templates

Kotpn string templates are pieces of code that are evaluated and whose results are interpolated into the string. A template expression starts with a dollar sign ($) and may consist of either a name or an expression.

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val name : String = "Zara Ap"
   
   println("Name  - $name")  // Using template with variable name
   
   println("Name length - ${name.length}")  // Using template with expression.
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Name - Zara Ap
Name length - 8

Kotpn String Object

Kotpn String is an object, which contains a number of properties and functions that can perform certain operations on strings, by writing a dot character (.) after the specific string variable.

We will see some of the important properties and functions in this chapter, remaining you can find in official documentation of Kotpn latest version.

Kotpn String Indexes

Kotpn String can be treated as a sequence of characters or you can say String is an array of characters. You can access its element by specifying the index of the element using a square brackets.

String indexes start with 0, so if you want to access 4th element of the string then you should specify index as 3 to access the 4th element.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val name : String = "Zara Ap"

   println(name[3])
   println(name[5])
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

a
A

Kotpn String Length

We can use length property of Kotpn string to find out its length.

Kotpn function count() also returns the length of a given string.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val name : String = "Zara Ap"

   println("The length of name :" + name.length)
   println("The length of name :" + name.count())
      
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

The length of name :8
The length of name :8

Kotpn String Last Index

We can use lastIndex property of Kotpn string to find out the index of the last character in the char sequence. If a string is empty then it returns a -1.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val name : String = "Zara Ap"

   println("The index of last character in name :" + name.lastIndex)
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

The index of last character in name :7

Changing Case of Strings

Kotpn provides toUpperCase() and toLowerCase() functions to convert a string into upper case and lower case respectively.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   val name : String = "Zara Ap"

   println("Upper case of name :" + name.toUpperCase())
   println("Lower case of name :" + name.toLowerCase())
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Upper case of name :ZARA ALI
Lower case of name :zara ap

Kotpn String Concatenation

We can use either + operator to concatenate two strings, or we can also use plus() function to concatenate two strings.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   var firstName : String = "Zara "
   var lastName : String = "Ap"

   println("Full Name :" + firstName + lastName)
   
   println("Full Name :" + firstName.plus(lastName) )
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Full Name :Zara Ap
Full Name :Zara Ap

Trim Characters from a String

We can remove first few or last few characters from a string using drop() or dropLast() functions.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   var name : String = "Zara Ap"

   println("Remove first two characters from name : " + name.drop(2))
   
   println("Remove last two characters from name : " + name.dropLast(2))
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Remove first two characters from name : ra Ap
Remove last two characters from name : Zara A

Quotes Inside a String

To use quotes inside a string, use single quotes ( ):

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   var str1 : String = "That s it"
   var str2 : String = "It s OK"

   println("str1 : " + str1)
   println("str2 : " + str2)
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

str1 : That s it
str2 : It s OK

Finding a String inside a String

Kotpn provides indexOf() function to find out a text inside a string. This function returns the index of the first occurrence of a specified text in a string

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   var str : String = "Meditation and Yoga are synonymous with India"

   println("Index of Yoga in the string - " + str.indexOf("Yoga"))
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Index of Yoga in the string - 15

Comparing Two Strings

Kotpn provides compareTo() function to compare two strings. This function returns 0 if two strings are equal otherwise it will return 1.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   var str1 : String = "Apple"
   var str2 : String = "Apple"

   println(str1.compareTo(str2))
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

0

Kotpn getOrNull() function

Kotpn getOrNull() function returns a character at the given index or null if the index is out of bounds of this char sequence.

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   var name : String = "Zara"

   println(name.getOrNull(0))
   println(name.getOrNull(2))
   println(name.getOrNull(100))
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Z
r
null

Kotpn toString() function

Kotpn toString() function returns a string representation of the object..

Example

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
   var name : String = "Zara Ap"

   println(name.toString())
}

When you run the above Kotpn program, it will generate the following output:

Zara Ap