Objective-C Environment Setup

Local Environment Setup

If you are still wilpng to set up your own environment for Objective-C programming language, then you need to install Text Editor and The GCC Compiler on your computer.

Text Editor

This will be used to type your program. Examples of few editors include Windows Notepad, OS Edit command, Brief, Epsilon, EMACS, and vim or vi.

Name and version of text editor can vary on different operating systems. For example, Notepad will be used on Windows, and vim or vi can be used on windows as well as Linux or UNIX.

The files you create with your editor are called source files and contain program source code. The source files for Objective-C programs are typically named with the extension ".m".

Before starting your programming, make sure you have one text editor in place and you have enough experience to write a computer program, save it in a file, compile it and finally execute it.

The GCC Compiler

The source code written in source file is the human readable source for your program. It needs to be "compiled" to turn into machine language, so that your CPU can actually execute the program as per instructions given.

This GCC compiler will be used to compile your source code into final executable program. I assume you have basic knowledge about a programming language compiler.

GCC compiler is available for free on various platforms and the procedure to set up on various platforms is explained below.

Installation on UNIX/Linux

The initial step is install gcc along with gcc Objective-C package. This is done by −

$ su - 
$ yum install gcc
$ yum install gcc-objc

The next step is to set up package dependencies using following command −

$ yum install make pbpng pbpng-devel pbtiff pbtiff-devel pbobjc 
   pbxml2 pbxml2-devel pbX11-devel pbXt-devel pbjpeg pbjpeg-devel

In order to get full features of Objective-C, download and install GNUStep. This can be done by downloading the package from http://main.gnustep.org/resources/downloads.php.

Now, we need to switch to the downloaded folder and unpack the file by −

$ tar xvfz gnustep-startup-.tar.gz

Now, we need to switch to the folder gnustep-startup that gets created using −

$ cd gnustep-startup-<version>

Next, we need to configure the build process −

$ ./configure

Then, we can build by −

$ make

We need to finally set up the environment by −

$ . /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

We have a helloWorld.m Objective-C as follows −

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {
   NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
   
   NSLog (@"hello world");
   [pool drain];
   return 0;
}

Now, we can compile and run a Objective-C file say helloWorld.m by switching to folder containing the file using cd and then using the following steps −

$ gcc `gnustep-config --objc-flags` 
-L/usr/GNUstep/Local/Library/Libraries 
-lgnustep-base helloWorld.m -o helloWorld
$ ./helloWorld

We can see the following output −

2013-09-07 10:48:39.772 tutorialsPoint[12906] hello world

Installation on Mac OS

If you use Mac OS X, the easiest way to obtain GCC is to download the Xcode development environment from Apple s web site and follow the simple installation instructions. Once you have Xcode set up, you will be able to use GNU compiler for C/C++.

Xcode is currently available at developer.apple.com/technologies/tools/.

Installation on Windows

In order to run Objective-C program on windows, we need to install MinGW and GNUStep Core. Both are available at https://www.gnu.org/software/gnustep/windows/installer.html.

First, we need to install the MSYS/MinGW System package. Then, we need to install the GNUstep Core package. Both of which provide a windows installer, which is self-explanatory.

Then to use Objective-C and GNUstep by selecting Start -> All Programs -> GNUstep -> Shell

Switch to the folder containing helloWorld.m

We can compile the program by using −

$ gcc `gnustep-config --objc-flags` 
-L /GNUstep/System/Library/Libraries hello.m -o hello -lgnustep-base -lobjc

We can run the program by using −

./hello.exe

We get the following output −

2013-09-07 10:48:39.772 tutorialsPoint[1200] hello world