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C++ Modifier Types
C++ allows the char, int, and double data types to have modifiers preceding them. A modifier is used to alter the meaning of the base type so that it more precisely fits the needs of various situations.
The data type modifiers are psted here −
signed
unsigned
long
short
The modifiers signed, unsigned, long, and short can be appped to integer base types. In addition, signed and unsigned can be appped to char, and long can be appped to double.
The modifiers signed and unsigned can also be used as prefix to long or short modifiers. For example, unsigned long int.
C++ allows a shorthand notation for declaring unsigned, short, or long integers. You can simply use the word unsigned, short, or long, without int. It automatically imppes int. For example, the following two statements both declare unsigned integer variables.
unsigned x; unsigned int y;
To understand the difference between the way signed and unsigned integer modifiers are interpreted by C++, you should run the following short program −
#include <iostream> using namespace std; /* This program shows the difference between * signed and unsigned integers. */ int main() { short int i; // a signed short integer short unsigned int j; // an unsigned short integer j = 50000; i = j; cout << i << " " << j; return 0; }
When this program is run, following is the output −
-15536 50000
The above result is because the bit pattern that represents 50,000 as a short unsigned integer is interpreted as -15,536 by a short.
Type Quapfiers in C++
The type quapfiers provide additional information about the variables they precede.
Sr.No | Quapfier & Meaning |
---|---|
1 | const Objects of type const cannot be changed by your program during execution. |
2 | volatile The modifier volatile tells the compiler that a variable s value may be changed in ways not exppcitly specified by the program. |
3 | restrict A pointer quapfied by restrict is initially the only means by which the object it points to can be accessed. Only C99 adds a new type quapfier called restrict. |